Potential Use Of Brick Kiln Dust

in Stabilization of Soils
statement
strategy
content
results
plans
BKD

SUPERVISOR:
Dr Imtiaz Rashid
Group Members:

Laraib Abbas 2020-R/2019-CIV125

Hamza 2020-R/2019-CIV207
Muzamil Ahmad 2020-R/2019-CIV183
Abdullah Malik 2020-R/2019-CIV198
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1 Problem Statement

2 Objective
statement
strategy

content
results
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3 Literature Review

4 Methodology

5 Results

6 Work Plan
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• With the increasing use of brick construction in Pakistan, a significant

amount of Brick Kiln Waste (BKW) is being generated, causing disposal
issues and environmental concerns. To tackle these problems, it's

statement
strategy

content
results

crucial to explore alternative uses for BKW.

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• One promising idea is to see if BKW can be used to stabilize clayey

soils. This means finding out if BKW can make the soil stronger and
more stable.
• If successful, this approach not only helps in managing BKW but also
offers an eco-friendly solution for improving the properties of clayey
soils used in construction. .
 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this research work is:-

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 To stabilize the clayey soil using industrial wastes like Brick Kiln Dust

(To enhance the compressive strength and the CBR value of the

subgrade soil)
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 Ali Al-Baidhani et al., (2019)
• Studied with the brick dust for the stabilization of expensive clay soils.
• Experiments were carried by varying the percentages of demolished brick
strategy

content
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results

waste, (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) %..

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• Addition of brick dust to highly plastic clay can improve its strength and
mitigate shrinkage behavior, with the most significant improvements observed
at an optimum brick dust content of 20%
 Divya patel et al., (2017)
• Studied with the plastic waste for the stabilization of black cotton soil.
• In this study plastic waste in 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% addition are used.
• The soaked CBR increased from 1% to 11.70% is obtained at 4%
plastic waste used.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 Sharmila kc et al., (2018)
• Studied with the cashew nuts shell ash and lime waste for the stabilization of
clayey soil.
• The cashew nuts shell ash with various percentages like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%
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• and 25% along with a lime percentage of 5% used.
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• It concluded that 20% cashew nuts shell ash and 5% lime is effectively used
in clayey subgrade soil which economical for road construction.
 METHODOLOGY
LABORATORY TESTING
1. Classification of Soil

statemen
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content
results
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SOIL
COLLECTION
1. Sample 1
2. Sample 2
 LABORATORY TESTING

Atteberg’S Specific
Gradation
limits Gravity

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1. 1. Specfic
SIEVE LIQUID Gravit
ANALYSIS LIMIT y test
on un
2. 2. treated
HYDROMET PLASTIC soil
ER LIMITS
ANALYSIS
 METHODOLOGY
LABORATORY TESTING
LABORATORY TESTING
On Brick kiln dust
1. Gradation
1. Classification of Soil 2. SpecificGravity

statement
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SOIL BRICK KILN DUST

COLLECTION COLLECTION
1. Sample 1
2. Sample 2
 METHODOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTING
ON UNTREATED SOIL

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 LABORATORY TESTING

Modified CBR UNCONFINED

Proctor TEST COMPRESSIO
N TEST
Test

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Modified California UNCONFINED

Proctor Test Bearing Ratio COMPRESSIO
for untreated for untreated N TEST for
and treated and treated untreated and
subgrade soil subgrade soil treated
subgrade soil
 METHODOLOGY

RESULTS
LABORATORY TESTING COMPILATION
On Treated Soil

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THESIS
LABORATORY TESTING WORK
On Treated Soil
 TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
GRADATION SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Size Distributi on Curve Sr.no W1 W2 W3 W4 Ws Ww Gs
100.00
99.00 1 20 39.5 82.41 70.04 19.5 7.13 2.730
98.00

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97.00

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2 26 50.75 88.91 73.16 24.75 9 2.745
% Passing

96.00
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95.00
94.00 3 11 40 84.29 65.69 29 10.4 2.783
93.00
92.00
91.00 4 11 33.5 75.22 60.95 22.5 8.23 2.729
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Partical Size

The Specific Gravity came out to

GRAVEL = 04% be 2.747.
SAND = 23%
SILT = 65%
CLAY = 08%
 TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
ATTEBERG’S LIMITS

 Liquid limit :
LIQUID LIMITS
• The liquid limit of soil at 25 blows 48.00

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• is 44.23%. 47.00

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46.00
BKD

Water Content
45.00
44.00
 Plastic limit : 43.00
42.00

• The plastic limit of soil after test 41.00

40.00
• came out to be 20.72 %. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
No. of Blow

 Plasticity Index :
• Plasticity index = Liquid Limit – Plastic Limit
= 44.23% – 20.72%
= 23.51 %
 TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
MODIFIED PROCTOR TEST

From the compaction test, the optimum

moisture content of the soil sample comes
out to be 15 % and the max. dry density is
18.35 kN/m3.

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CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO

CBR for 0.1 in Penetration:
CBR
 Standard Load at 0.1” = 3000 lb
300
 Applied Load at 0.1” = 150 lb
250
 CBR at 0.1 in Penetration = 5%
200

Load(lb)
150
CBR for 0.2 in Penetration: 100

50
 Standard Load at 0.2” = 4500 lb
 Applied Load at 0.2” = 262 lb 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
 CBR at 0.2 in Penetration = 4.93% Penetration (inch)
 TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
• According to AASHTO Soil Classification System soil is classified as
A7-6.

statement
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• According to Unified Soil Classification System for the fine-grained
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BKD

soil is classified as CL
• As CBR value of soil is 5 which is less than 7, so the soil is to be
stabilized to enhance its capacity as subgrade.
• We will use BRICK KILN DUST to stabilize the soil and enhance
its CBR value .
 COMPARISON BETWEEN SOIL SAMPLES

Properties / Classification Soil Sample 1 Soil Sample 2

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Location DHA LAKHODHER

Specific Gravity 2.639 2.747
Liquid Limit 22.95 44.23
Plastic Index 5.25 23.51
Class According to USCS SW CL
Class According to AASHTO A-1-a A-7-6
 TEST RESULTS OF BRICK KILN DUST
GRADATION SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Size Distribution Curve BKD Sr.no W1 W2 W3 W4 Ws Ww Gs

100.00

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90.00

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1 180.71 427.95 613.2 475.82 247.24 109.86 2.247

content
80.00

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% passing
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70.00
BKD

60.00
50.00
40.00 2 180.71 383.92 591.4 475.82 203.21 87.63 2.315
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 3 180.71 405.32 599.83 475.82 224.61 100.6 2.229
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
pARTICAL Size

The Specific Gravity came out to

GRAVEL = 0% be 2.263.
SAND =63%
SILT =16.5%
CLAY =20%
 What is Brick Kiln Dust?

• Brick kiln dust is a waste material generated during the

cutting of fired clay bricks. It is considered an industrial

statement
waste and poses a disposal challenge for brick

strategy
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manufacturing companies, leading to environmental
plans

BKD
concerns.
• The dust is produced when fired clay bricks are cut to the
required shape and size, and its disposal is a significant
issue for brick fabrication companies, contributing to
environmental pollution.
 California Bearing Ratio of BKD Treated Soil
• Soil sholud treated with 05%,10%,20% Brick Kiln Dust to observe
the change in California Bearing Ratio of soil.
• Following CBR curves are obtained with indicate increase in CBR

statement
value of soil while the 0% and 05% Brick kiln dust.

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CBR of BKD Treated soil
300

250

200
Load (lb)

150

100

50

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Penetration (in)

5% of BKD Without BKD

 Why CBR value of soil is increased using
Brick Kiln Dust?
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil may increase upon the addition of Brick
Kiln Dust (BKD) due to several factors.

statement
• BKD often contains fine particles with cementitious properties, enhancing soil

strategy
results
cohesion and contributing to improved strength.
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• The fine particles in BKD can fill voids between soil particles, reducing porosity
and increasing soil density, leading to better load-bearing capacity.
• Some BKD may exhibit pozzolanic properties, engaging in a chemical reaction
with calcium hydroxide to form cementitious compounds and further stabilizing
the soil.
• However, the effectiveness of BKD in enhancing CBR depends on various
factors, and engineering tests are crucial to assess whether the modified soil
meets project specifications for load-bearing capacity
 WORK PLAN
UNCONFINED
COMPRESSION
TEST
COLLECTING 6
BKD

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4

BKD
OBTAINING SOIL

t
2
5
3 BKD TESTING

1 SOIL
LITERATURE CLASSIFICATIO
REVIEW N
FUTURE WORK PLAN

UNCONFINEED
CALIFORNIA TEST OF
BEARING TREADTED SOIL
8-SEMESTER
RATIO TEST

content
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9
7

t
8 10
CBR TEST OF
TREATED COMPILATIO
8- SEMESTER
SOIL N OF
RESULTS
8-SEMESTER
THANKYOU