The City of the

Future
 Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Aquire vocabulary and phrases associated with energy, its

types and sources.

Use terminology related to a smart and eco-friendly city of the

future, Masdar City as a case study.

Expand listening comprehension skills through video visioning.

Practice the use of comparative and superlative adjectives.

2
 Outline
2 Types of Energy

3 Sustainability

1 Masdar City
Warm up 4
as case study

5 Video Section

6 Comparative & Superlative

Adjectives 3
 Warm-up
What does the phrase « city of the future » mean to you?

This term refers to a place with mostly smart and green

characteristics i.e. in everyday commodities and life services

What does the term Smart mean?

Smart implies the use of advanced technological solutions.

Can you provide other words synonymous of Green?

Eco-friendly Ecological Environmental

4
To be considered green and ecofriendly,
any city has to be using certain types of
energy and avoid the use of others.

5
Types of Energy

6
 Match the Energy types to their meanings in the
following table
a) Fossil fuels 1) comes from the heat of the sun. You can use panels to trap the
4 energy and it can be saved for cloudy days.
b) Nuclear energy 2) comes from the heat inside the earth. It is food for places with
7 volcanic activity.
c) Solar energy 3) takes energy from flowing water such as rivers, streams and
1 ocean currents.
d) Wind energy 4) are extracted from the earth such as coal, oil and natural gas,
When they are burned to make energy they produce carbon
5 dioxide which contributes to global warming.

e) Geothermal energy 5) produces energy by moving blades on a turbine or mill. It is clean

energy but it can make a lot of noise.
2
f) Biomass energy 6) Is produced from plant or human waste. Wood is the most
common source but now methane gas or vegetable oils are being
6 used to create energy.

g) Hydroelectric 7) is produced by splitting atoms. There is a risk of accidents and

this form of energy produces dangerous waste that is difficult to
energy 3 dispose of. 7
THEY ARE CATEGORIZED INTO:

8
Now let’s sort the different types of energy into CLEAN Vs
POLLUTING based on their impact on the environment:
Clean Polluting

Solar energy Fossil fuels

Wind energy Nuclear energy

Hydroelectric energy

Geothermal energy

Biomass energy

9
 Clean Energies Production

Can you name the means / facilities of

renewable energy production in each picture?

10
 Solar panels or
Photovoltaic cells

 Wind turbines or windmills

 Hydropower plant or
Hydroelectic Dam

 Geothermal energy Plant

 Biomass energy Plant

11
 The first rule for any green & ecological
environment is to ensure sustainability.

What is sustainability?

12
 Sustainability… capacity to endure
• The term describes how biological
systems remain diverse and
productive over time.

• A sustainable city (eco-city) is a city

designed with consideration of
environmental impact, inhabited by
people dedicated to minimization of
required inputs of energy, water and
food, and waste output of heat, air
pollution - CO2, methane, and water
pollution.

• Sustainable development, basically,

refers to the development that takes
place without effecting the needs of
future generation.

13
Sustainable
Principles

14
Do you know what place is shown on the pictures?

15
Masdar City
as Case Study

16
 What is Masdar City?
Welcome to Masdar City, a clean-technology cluster located in what aims
to be one of the most sustainable cities in the world.

Proposed Masterplan of Masdar City.

2 17
 MASDAR CITY
 Masdar City is an arcology project in Abu Dhabi, in the U.A.E.
 It is being built by Masdar (Abu Dhabi Future Energy
Company) & planned to be completed by 2030.
 The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable
energy sources, with a zero waste ecology.
 The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies.

18
 Location

Masdar City is being constructed

17 kilometres (11 mi) south- east
of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside
Abu Dhabi International Airport.

19
City Layering

20
 A city powered by renewable
energy
100% renewable energy
170 MW from Photovoltaics
<30 KWh per capita per
day energy usage (9x LESS
than USA)
Less energy usage results
in a lower per sq m cost

The City is thus highly self-sustained

21
 Energy Management
Masdar City minimises energy consumption by deploying
best commercially available international energy efficient
techniques and setting stringent building efficiency
guidelines in areas such as:

• insulation,
• low-energy lighting specifications,
• the percentage of glazing (i.e., windows)
• optimizing natural light,
• installing smart appliances, ex: building management
systems
• a citywide energy management system that interacts to
manage the electrical load on the grid – all along the
system, from the utility to the consumer. 22
 Savings
Energy efficient
design
Energy generation
from renewable
resources
Waste converted to
energy
Transportation
Sequestration

• 100% Powered by
renewable energy
• 170 MW
Photovoltaics
• <30 KW per capita per
day energy use
• (9x less than USA) 23
 Transportation
Masdar City is piloting
• pedestrian focused community
• sustainable transportation solutions,
• a Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) (Level3)
• a Freight/Light Rapid Transit (FRT/LRT)
system (Level1)

Masdar City also has initiated an electric car

pilot with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to
test a point-to-point transportation solution
for the city that uses Mitsubishi Motor’s i-
MiEV, five-door hatchbacks

24
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
MATERIALS

25
RECYCLE & SUSTAINABLE
MATERIALS

26
 Masdar Institute
A graduate level, research driven university in with MIT Offering
Master’s and PhD programs in science and engineering disciplines,
focused on alternative energy, environmental technology and
sustainable development.

100 students commenced studies Sept 2009

Occupying a new campus located at Masdar City in early 2010
Full bursary for all students
27
Is this the Greenest City in the World?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=w2pRGuY0WxE

28
 Complete the following sentences with the right figures from
the “Is this the greenest city in the world?” Video:

500
a) Fewer than ………………….…. people live here.
1200
b) ……………………….people work in Masdar every day.
c) The water and energy consumption reduction is estimated to
40 %
………………………….
87 000
d) More than ……………………….solar panels are used in Masdar to
generate electricity.
15 000 tons .
e) The offset of carbon emission per year reaches …………………
f) 3300
It’s the equivalent of taking……………..……. cars off the road in
29
 Follow-up questions:

a- Do you think that building a prototype futuristic city

like Masdar is possible in the Tunisian desert?

Why? Why not?

b- Would you accept to live and work in Masdar City or

any innovative place like it?

30
  Solar energy is cleaner than fossil fuels.
 Nuclear energy is more polluting than wind
energy.

 The greenest city of the world is Masdar.

What is the form of adjectives highlighted in red in

the first two sentences?
Comparative form

What is the form of the adjective in green in

sentences 3 ?
Superlative form
31
 Comparative and Superlative
Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare

one noun to another noun. In these instances,
only two items are being compared.

Superlative adjectives are used to compare

three or more nouns. They're also used to
compare one thing against the rest of a group.
32
 COMPARATIVE
• SHORT ADJECTIVES:
– Adjective + -ER
• tall  taller
• LONG ADJECTIVES:
– MORE + adjective
• Interesting  more interesting

33
 Examples
his
Pau Gasol is taller than
girlfriend.

William more Kim

is than
interesting Kardashian.
Shakespeare

34
 SUPERLATIVE
• SHORT ADJECTIVES:
– THE + adjective + -EST
• tall  the tallest
• LONG ADJECTIVES:
– THE MOST + adjective
• Interesting  the most
interesting

35
 Examples
the tallest at the
The Bride is
girl wedding.

the most
Einstein is intelligent in history.
man

36
 IRREGULAR COMPARISONS
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther the farthest
the furthest
further
little less the least

many/much more the most

old older the oldest

the eldest
elder

37
 Changes in Spelling:

If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a single

vowel followed by a single consonant, the consonant
letter is doubled:
Big – bigger – the
biggest
Fat – fatter – the fattest
 If the last letter is –e, then only –r or –st are added:
wide – wider – the widest

If the adjective ends in consonant + y, then –y is

replaced by –ier in comparative and –iest in superlative:
dry – drier – the driest
38
 Two-syllable adjectives can be divided into groups:

 Those ending in –y, take –er or –est.

lucky – luckier - the luckiest

pretty – prettier – the prettiest

 Those ending in –ful, -less, -ing or –ed add more or the

most.

careful – more careful – the most careful

careless – more careless – the most careless
39
Let’s practise!
Use the words given to
compare the
following
pictures.
FRUITS

FRIES

CHOCOLATE
HEALTHY
EXPENSIVE
SWEET
TASTY
FATTENING
 SPAIN
JAMAICA

COLD
CANADA
HOT
LARGE
POPULAR
POPULATE
D
BORING
CLEANING
USEFUL
POPULAR
BAD
IRONING
TIME
CONSUMING

COOKING
BIKE

ELECTRIC CAR
SUV CHEAP
SLOW

SMALL
ECO-FRIENDLY
COMFORTABLE
POLLUTING
Practice 2

45
 Complete the sentences using the comparative
or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
the noisiest
1 This street is ___________________________ in the whole town. (noisy)
more /less beautiful
2 I think Paris is _______________________than London. (beautiful)
the farthest
3 Which is ________________________ continent from Europe? (far)
the worst
4 His grades were ____________________ than the previous ones. (bad)
the most intelligent
5 Who’s _____________________ person in your family? (intelligent)
better
6 Nightlife in the city is _______________ than in the country. (good)

funnier
7 Fred is __________________ than Michael. (funny)

the most exciting of all collective sports. (exciting)

8 Football is __________________ 46
47