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    Lesson 1 - Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy

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    Mouli Mishra
    This document discusses kinetic and gravitational potential energy. It defines kinetic energy as the energy an object has due to its motion and gravitational potential energy as the potential energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field. The document provides equations for calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the transfers between the two types of energy. Examples are given of calculating velocity and height using the conservation of energy between kinetic and potential forms.

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    Lesson 1 - Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mouli Mishra
    34 views20 pages
    This document discusses kinetic and gravitational potential energy. It defines kinetic energy as the energy an object has due to its motion and gravitational potential energy as the potential energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field. The document provides equations for calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the transfers between the two types of energy. Examples are given of calculating velocity and height using the conservation of energy between kinetic and potential forms.

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    Lesson 1 - Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy (1)

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    This document discusses kinetic and gravitational potential energy. It defines kinetic energy as the energy an object has due to its motion and gravitational potential energy as the potential energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field. The document provides equations for calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the transfers between the two types of energy. Examples are given of calculating velocity and height using the conservation of energy between kinetic and potential forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views20 pages

    Lesson 1 - Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mouli Mishra
    This document discusses kinetic and gravitational potential energy. It defines kinetic energy as the energy an object has due to its motion and gravitational potential energy as the potential energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field. The document provides equations for calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the transfers between the two types of energy. Examples are given of calculating velocity and height using the conservation of energy between kinetic and potential forms.

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    Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy

    What energy changes are taking place here?


    Learning Objectives
    ● Calculate transfers of gravitational potential
    energy near the Earth’s surface.
    ● Calculate the kinetic energy of a body.
    • Calculate exchanges between gravitational
    potential and kinetic energies, based on energy
    conservation.
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Kinetic energy (Ek) is the energy an object has due to its
    motion.
    Ek = ½ mv2
    Kinetic energy = ½ mass x speed2

    Energy is an example
    of a scalar and so
    kinetic energy is
    always a positive
    value. The unit of
    kinetic energy is the
    joule (J)
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    • How much kinetic energy, in MJ, does a train have when
    it moves at 23 km h-1 and has a mass of 150 000 kg?

    Ek = ½ mv2

    v = 23 x 1000/3600  to convert to ms-1

    Ek = 3.1 MJ
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Work done by gravity = ∆ Ep
    ∆ Ep = force x distance moved in direction of force
    Here force is simply the object’s weight, W = mg, and
    distance is the change in height, ∆h
    ∆ Ep = mg ∆h

    So Ep = mgh is the general equation for GPE


    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Gravitational potential energy is the potential energy of
    an object due to its position in a gravitational field.

    ΔEp = mgΔh
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its
    position, shape or the internal arrangement of its
    particles. (examples include gravitational, elastic strain)

    We will focus here on the


    transfer of energy between
    kinetic and gravitational
    potential stores.
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    For situations where the kinetic energy of an object is
    transferred into gravitational potential energy (or the
    reverse situation) we can say:

    Change in Ep = mgh
    Change in EK = ½ mv2

    So, mgh = ½ mv2

    And solving for v or h: v = and Δh =


    Examples
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Starting from rest, a child zooms down a frictionless slide
    from an initial height of 3.00 m. Her mass is 25.0 kg.
    Calculate her velocity at the bottom of the slide.
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    Starting from rest, a child zooms down a frictionless slide from
    an initial height of 3.00 m. Her mass is 25.0 kg. What is her
    velocity at the bottom of the slide?
    Loss in Ep = mgh
    Gain in EK = ½ mv2

    The slide is frictionless so loss in Ep = gain in EK (no heat loss)


    ½ mv2 = mgh
    ½ x 25 v2 = 25 x 9.81 x 3
    12.5 v2 = 736
    v2 = 58.88 so v = 7.67 ms-1
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    In the presence of drag forces
    not all of the GPE is
    converted into KE.
    Where does the energy go?
    Some energy is converted
    into thermal energy due to Loss in potential energy =
    work done against air gain in kinetic energy +
    resistance and friction. work done against air
    resistance and friction.
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    A fairground vehicle is initially at rest at the top of the
    track. If its speed at the bottom of the track is v.
    Loss in Ep = mgh
    Gain in EK = ½ mv2

    If ½ mv2 ≠ mgh then not all the potential energy is


    converted into kinetic energy.
    Work done against drag = mgh – ½ mv2
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    As a pendulum bob swings, its
    height above its equilibrium
    point changes.

    It starts from rest so its initial


    Ek is zero. At this stage it has
    maximum potential energy.

    At its equilibrium point it has


    maximum Ek and minimum
    potential energy.
    Kinetic energy and GPE
    If its initial height above
    equilibrium was ho then
    whenever it has a height of h,
    it has velocity given by:

    Gain in EK = loss of Ep from


    initial height

    ½ mv2 = mg (ho – h)
    Exam
    Style
    Question
    –9
    marks
    Exam Style
    Question –
    Use full
    sentences!!!

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