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    The Need To Respire and Exchange Essential Gases

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    Johncy Morada
    1. The document discusses the four major types of gas exchange systems in animals: body surface, gills, tracheae, and lungs. 2. It provides examples of how each system works, such as diffusion through thin skin, waving gills to increase surface area, tracheal tubes branching throughout the body of insects, and oxygen diffusion in the lungs of mammals. 3. Advanced vertebrates like birds have evolved complex lung systems with three components to efficiently power flight through continuous high metabolic activity.

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    The Need To Respire and Exchange Essential Gases

    Uploaded by

    Johncy Morada
    9 views46 pages
    1. The document discusses the four major types of gas exchange systems in animals: body surface, gills, tracheae, and lungs. 2. It provides examples of how each system works, such as diffusion through thin skin, waving gills to increase surface area, tracheal tubes branching throughout the body of insects, and oxygen diffusion in the lungs of mammals. 3. Advanced vertebrates like birds have evolved complex lung systems with three components to efficiently power flight through continuous high metabolic activity.

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    The Need to Respire and Exchange Essential Gases

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    1. The document discusses the four major types of gas exchange systems in animals: body surface, gills, tracheae, and lungs. 2. It provides examples of how each system works, such as diffusion through thin skin, waving gills to increase surface area, tracheal tubes branching throughout the body of insects, and oxygen diffusion in the lungs of mammals. 3. Advanced vertebrates like birds have evolved complex lung systems with three components to efficiently power flight through continuous high metabolic activity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views46 pages

    The Need To Respire and Exchange Essential Gases

    Uploaded by

    Johncy Morada
    1. The document discusses the four major types of gas exchange systems in animals: body surface, gills, tracheae, and lungs. 2. It provides examples of how each system works, such as diffusion through thin skin, waving gills to increase surface area, tracheal tubes branching throughout the body of insects, and oxygen diffusion in the lungs of mammals. 3. Advanced vertebrates like birds have evolved complex lung systems with three components to efficiently power flight through continuous high metabolic activity.

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    THE NEED TO RESPIRE AND

    EXCHANGE ESSENTIAL GASES


    JOHNCY MORADA, LPT
    GEN BIOLOGY II
    PERFORMANCE TASK #1

    How does the body react when something


    is wrong with the blood?
    PERFORMANCE TASK #1

    - Write a medical informational pamphlet in


    which you define blood and its functions.

    explain three blood disorders including one


    genetic blood disorder and treatments
    ALMOST ALL ORGANISMS NEED
    OXYGEN TO SURVIVE
    • Our body constantly
    needs oxygen and
    nutrients, and gets rid
    of wastes to function
    properly
    GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS

    • Oxygen is needed by
    the cells to harness
    energy from food
    through cellular
    respiration
    4 MAJOR TYPES OF GAS
    EXCHANGE SYSTEM IN ANIMALS.

    • Body surface
    • Gills
    • Tracheae
    • Lungs
    • The process of bringing oxygenated water or
    air in contact with respiratory organs in called
    ventilation
    BODY SURFACE

    • Invertebrates such as
    cnidarians, sponges,
    worms can easily
    exchange oxygen and
    CO2 by diffusion

    • Their skin is few layers


    thick
    SKIN OF JELLYFISH

    Breathing through skin is


    also known as
    integumentary exchange or
    cutaneous respiration
    HOW CAN AMPHIBIANS LAST
    LONG UNDERWATER?
    • Amphibians cannot breathe
    underwater

    • Oxygen diffuses into thin-walled


    capillaries beneath their skin that
    allows them to prolonged time
    underwater
    TRACHEAE
    • Arthropods such as insects
    and spiders have a tracheal
    system consists of branched
    internal tubes that extend
    throughout the body.
    HOW DO GASES ENTER IN INSECTS?

    • On the surface of
    the insect’s body
    are tiny holes
    called spiracles.
    TRACHEAL SYSTEM USES FINE AIR
    CONDUCTING TUBE TO CARRY OUT GAS
    EXCHANGE
    • The tracheae
    branch off
    further into
    smaller tubes
    called tracheoles
    • Tracheoles tips reach all
    of the insect’s cells.

    • It is filled with aqueous


    substance where oxygen
    can be dissolved from air
    GILLS
    • Can be found on
    more advanced
    marine
    invertebrates and
    vertebrates
    • Thin sheet of tissue that
    wave through the water to
    increase its surface area for
    better diffusion
    EXTERNAL GILLS
    • Marine invertebrates such as
    mollusks an d echinoderms have
    external gills
    Highly-vascularized
    epidermis that project
    outside the body
    NUDIBRANCH AND AXOLOTL

    Waving gills back


    and forth for
    ventilation
    GILLS OF FISHES

    • Feather-like internal gills covered by a bony plate called


    operculum
    HOW GILLS WORK
    • Contains gill filaments composed of plate-like structures called
    lamellae
    HOW GILLS WORK

    • Dissolved oxygen in
    water diffuses across
    the gills surface into
    the capillaries
    HOW GILLS WORK

    • Carbon dioxide
    diffuses in the opposite
    direction to the outside
    environment
    LUNGS

    • Higher forms of terrestrial


    vertebrates have evolved
    lungs located in their
    thoracic cavity protected
    by rib cage.
    GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS AND
    OTHER MAMMALS
    LUNGS OF BIRDS
    • Birds have different level of activity
    and metabolic needs due to their
    flight abilities

    • Continuous beating of their wings


    requires a large amount of energy
    from oxygen
    BIRDS LUNGS HAS EVOLVED INTO
    THREE COMPONENTS
    • Parabronchi

    • Posterior sacs

    • Anterior air sacs


    • Air flows from the
    posterior sacs to the
    lungs, and to the
    anterior sacs

    • NO DEAD
    VOLUME

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