RWS PPT 1

Reading and Thinking
Strategies:
“PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT”
The word paragraph comes from two Greek words: para which
means “beyond” or “beside” and graphein which means “to write”.
A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one
central idea. Each sentence shows connection to other sentences in
the paragraph.
A paragraph is an independent unit or a related unit. As an
independent unit, it is complete in itself. As a related unit, it is a
part of a composition that is combined with other paragraphs to
make a larger composition.
Whether a paragraph is an independent unit or a related
unit, it has its beginning, middle and end.
Lesson 1.1 Reading &
Thinking Strategies:
“Writing Paragraphs”
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS
One of the most important elements in writing is
the form or structure. It is worth noting that without a
solid structure in place, the content you have gathered
would fall apart. After constructing an outline and
writing your first draft, it is time to get on to paragraph
writing. An effective paragraph shows the unity of the
sentences used in developing the main idea. A paragraph
is made up of the topic sentence which contains the main
idea, the supporting details and the conclusion or the
clinching sentence at the end.
Topic sentence – it reveals the main or central idea
of the paragraph. It does not necessarily have to
be placed at the beginning of the paragraph. It
may be found in the middle of the first and the
last sentence or at the end. If it is found at the end
of the paragraph, it may be used as a clinching or
concluding sentence.
Supporting details – they give the paragraph life
as it elaborates on the scope given by the topic
sentence.
Clinching sentence – it closes your paragraph.
According to Dagdag (2010), this “may be a
restatement of the topic sentence, a summary, or
a conclusion based on the supporting details.”
“Narration”
Narration, from the root word narrates, originated from
the Latin word narrare— which means related or told.
It gives a written account of an event or story, or simply,
storytelling. The sequence of events is told in
chronological order.
It usually contains the following: the who, what and
when.
A narrative must have “vivid” description of details, a
consistent point of view and verb tense, and a well-
defined point or significance.” (Tiongson, 2016).
At the end of writing it, it must send a clear message to
its readers through the story.
A narrative paragraph simply tells what
happened and establishes facts. It is sharing of
personal experiences that offer lessons and
insights. It is more than just a chronological
sequence of events that happen to the
different characters. It also contains elements of
drama and tension.
Narration is the most common type of paragraph
development. It has the following elements:
a. Setting. It is the time and location in which a
story takes place.
b. Characters. The life-giving element of the
story.
c. Plot. It is the logical series of events in the
story.
The five essential parts of the plot are:
Exposition. It is the part of the story where the
characters and the setting are revealed.
Rising Action. It is where the events in the story
become complicated and the conflict in the
story is exposed.
Climax. This is the highest point of interest and
the turning point of the story.
Falling Action. The events and
complications begin to resolve
themselves.
Denouement. The final resolution of
the plot in the story.
d. Point of View. It is the perspective of the writer in
narrating the story.
First person point of view. The story is told by the
protagonist or one of the characters using pronouns I ,
me , we.
Second person point of view. The author tells the story in
second point of view using the pronouns you , yours, and
your.
Third person point of view. The narrator is not part of the
story but describes the events that happen. The writer
uses the pronouns he, she , him, and her.
“Description”
Description gives information of
what a person, an object, a place or a
situation is like.
It appeals to the reader’s senses.
A descriptive paragraph has
concrete and specific details, which
are carefully chosen by a writer to
paint a picture in the mind of the
reader.
Descriptive writing emphasizes a
reader’s ability to paint vivid pictures
using words on a reader’s mind. This
relies on the writer’s ability to appeal to
his/her five senses: the sight, smell,
touch, taste, and hearing.
To rouse feelings, emotions and
reactions from the readers is what
descriptive paragraphs aim for. Simple
adjectives will not simply cut it for
readers desiring for appropriate
description of an event, thing, place or
person.
According to Dagdag (2010), there are two types of description:
objective and subjective. Objective description is a factual
description of the topic at hand. This relies its information on
physical aspects and appeals to those who crave for facts.
Meanwhile, subjective description allows the writer to explore
ways to describe an emotion, an event, a thing, a place or
person, appealing to emotions. Often, this is an artistic way of
describing things, mostly from the eye and perspective of the
writer.
Here is a word bank of sensory words to refer to when you want to
add descriptive details to your paragraphs:
SIGHT SOUND SMELL TOUCH TASTE
sparkling yelp musty sticky spicy
gloomy shriek rotten grainy sweet
glossy whisper fragrant smooth sour
bright hiss fresh satiny bitter
dazzling screech pungent pointy bland
cloudy chortle fruity clammy creamy
blurred sneeze stinky furry delectable

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Reading and Thinking

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