Pipe Fittings and Connections

PIPE FITTINGS
• PIPE FITTINGS
- devices used to connect one or
more pipes and/or used to change the
direction of a straight pipe. The
plumbing Code requires that any
change of direction of piping in a
drainage system should have a radius
of curvature large enough to prevent
solids from accumulating and to
provide good hydraulic flow.
PIPE FITTINGS
• Elbows
• Used to change direction
especially used in
sanitary drainage system
• Available in 1/4(90o) and
1/8(45o) bends
PIPE FITTINGS
• Bends(Sweeps)
• Used to change direction especially
used in sanitary drainage system
• Available in 1/4(90o), short and long
sweeps
PIPE FITTINGS
• Return Bend
• Used to provide 180o change in direction
PIPE FITTINGS
• Street/Service Elbow
• Used to provide 90o change in direction
having an outside thread on one end and
an inside thread on the other
PIPE FITTINGS
• Wye/Wye Branch
• A fitting used to connect
a branch pipe into a
straight run of piping at
a 45o angle
• Available in single and
double wye branches
PIPE FITTINGS
• Combination Wye Branch
• A single fitting which is a combination
of a wye branch and a 1/8 bend
• Used in drainage system in changing
direction such as horizontal to
vertical
PIPE FITTINGS
• Upright Wye Combination
• A combination wye where the branch
inlet is parallel to the drum
• Used in when two stacks are provided
PIPE FITTINGS
• Tee
• A fitting used to connect a branch pipe
into a straight run of pipes at right
angles
• Can only be used in
supply and vent
systems, and not in
sanitary or drainage
PIPE FITTINGS
• Street Tee
• A tee having an outside thread on one
end and an inside thread on the other
end and the branch
PIPE FITTINGS
• Tapped Tee
• A bell-end tee which has a branch that
is tapped to receive a threaded or
fitting
PIPE FITTINGS
• Sanitary Tee / San-T
• A tee used as fitting for a soil pipe
which is designed with a sight curve in
the 90o transition so as to channel flow
from a branch line toward the direction
of the main flow
PIPE FITTINGS
• Cross / Double Tee
• A fitting used to connect a branch pipe
into a straight run of pipes at right
angles
• Should not be used
in sanitary systems
as code requires the
use of sanitary tee
PIPE FITTINGS
• Sanitary Cross / Double San-T
• A cross used as fitting for a soil pipe
which is designed with a sight curve in
the 90o transition so as to channel flow
from a branch line toward the direction
of the main flow
PIPE FITTINGS
• Coupling
• A short fitting, used
to join two pipes,
with both ends having
female receivers
PIPE FITTINGS
• Nipple
• A short length of pipe with external
threads at each end used to join
couplings or fittings
• Classified to closed or open/shoulder
nipple
PIPE FITTINGS
• Adapter
• A type of fitting to connect different
pipe materials such as galvanized steel
pipe (threaded) to plastic pipe (cold
welded or heat-fused)
PIPE FITTINGS
• Union Patente
• A pipe fitting used to
connect the ends of two
pipes, neither of which
can be turned
• Consists of three
pieces: two end pieces
having inner threads,
and a center piece which
draws the two end pieces
together as it is
rotated affecting a seal
PIPE FITTINGS
• Reducer / Increaser
• A pipe fitting connecting two different
sizes of pipe
• Either concentric or eccentric
PIPE FITTINGS
• Bushing
• A pipe fitting which is
threaded on both the
inside and the outside
so that it can connect
two pipes of different
sizes
PIPE FITTINGS
• Bend Offset
• A fitting meant to change
direction of a pipe line
other than 90o which
brings one section of the
pipe out of line with but
into a line parallel to
another section
PIPE FITTINGS
• Plug
• An internally threaded fitting, usually
with a square head, used to close the
end of a pipe
PIPE FITTINGS
• Cap
• An externally threaded fitting used to
close the end of a pipe
PIPE FITTINGS
JOINTS & CONNECTIONS
Joints and connections are
specified for different types of
pipes with their corresponding uses

• Caulked joints
• Usually used for bell and spigot CISP
• Firmly packed with oakum or hemp and
filled with molten pig lead to a depth
of not less than 25.4mm (1”)

• Threaded joints
• Standard tapered threads
for iron pipe size pipes
and fittings
• Threaded plastic pipes
minimum schedule 80 wall
thickness and should be
factory cut or molded
• Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) tape is used on
male threads

• Wiped joints
• Used for lead pipes with fittings,
brass, copper pipe, ferrules, solder
nipples or traps
• Should not be less than 19mm or at
least the same thickness materials
joined

• Solder and sweat joints
• Joints in copper tubing shall be made
with approved brass or copper tubing
• Shall be properly fluxed by non-
corrosive flux that contains less than
0.002 lead content

• Brazed joints
• The process of
jointing pipes
using molten filler
material at above
840o C
• Generally used for
joining copper or
copper alloy pipes
• The melting point
of the parent
material should be
higher than filler
material

• Flared joints
• For soft copper water
tubing which shall be
expanded with a
proper flaring tool

• Solvent cement
plastic pipe joints
• A.k.a. cold welding
press

• Compression joints
• Using a compression fitting to join two
tubes or pipes together
• Commonly use ferrules to help seal the
joint tightly

Pipe Fittings and Connections

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Pipe Fittings and Connections

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PIPE FITTINGS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

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