Unds Week 1 2

UNDS Understanding the
SELF
WEEK 1:
The Self from
Various Perspectives
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
● Discuss the different representations and conceptualizations of the self
from various disciplinal perspectives.
● Compare and contrast how the self has been represented across different
disciplines and perspectives
● Examine the different influences, factors and forces that shapes the self
● Demonstrate critical and reflective thought in analyzing the development
of one’s self and identity by developing a theory of the self.
“KNOW THYSELF”
● The self is your main companion in living in this world.
● Who you are, who you want to be, who society wants you
to be, and who you can be are some of the ideas we will
explore.
● The self is complex.
PHILOSOPHY
It is the study of acquiring
knowledge through rational
thinking and inquiries that
Philosophy is derived from the
Greek words “Philos” and involves in answering questions
“Sophia” which literally regarding the nature and existence
means “Love for Wisdom:” of man and the world we live in.
socrates First Martyr of education,
knowledge and philosophy.
“Know thyself”
The philosophy of Socrates underlies in the
importance of the notion “knowing oneself” for
him, men’s goal in life is to obtain happiness and
such goal motivates us to act towards or avoid
things that could have negative repercussions.
By fully knowing oneself a person will

be able to achieve happiness.
socrates
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
The soul is immortal. Socrates believed that every

human possessed an immortal soul.
socrates
“Soul searching must begin at the source of all

knowledge and significance – the self.”
Socratic method
Socratic Method is a method of carefully
examining our thoughts and emotions – to gain
self- knowledge.
Who am I?
Plato is historically known to be the father
of the academy a place where learning and
sharing of knowledge happens, that later
became one of the pillars and basis of what
schools and education is now in the present.
Student of Socrates.
plato
Plato believed that the self is synonymous
with the soul.
plato
Plato’s three parts of the soul
1.
APPETITIVE SOUL it is the part of the
person that is driven by desire and need to
satisfy oneself. This satisfaction both
involves physical needs, pleasures, and
desires.
2.
SPIRITED SOUL this part of the soul can
be attributed to the courageous part of a
person, one who wants to do something or
to right the wrongs that they observe.
3.
RATIONAL SOUL it is the driver of our
lives. This is the part that thinks and plan
for the future.
St. Augustine
“I am doubting, therefore I am”
A Saint and a Philosopher of the church.
He follows the belief that everything is

better if we devote ourselves in mending
our relationship with God.
St. augustine
He follows the idea that God encompasses

us all, that everything will be better if we
are with God.
St. augustine
The soul is what governs and defines the

human person or the self.
St. augustine
He believes that our notion of our lives and
our idea of existence comes from a higher
form of sense in which bodily senses may
not perceive or understand, and the more
one doubts and question his life means
that person is living.
St. augustine
body – dies on earth; soul – lives

eternally in spiritual bliss with “God”
Rene descartes
Rene Descartes is a French
Philosopher know to be the father
of modern philosophy because of
his radical use of systematic and
early scientific method to aid his
ideas and assumptions.
Rene descartes
For him, the act of thinking the self
– of being self – conscious is in
itself proof that there is self.
Rene descartes
Methodical Doubt a continuous
process of questioning what we
perceive and accepting the fact that
doubting, asking questions are a
part of ones’ existence.
Rene descartes
“Cogito Ergo Sum”
A person is comprised of mind and

body, the body that perceives
from the different senses and the
mind that thinks and question or
doubt what the body has
experienced.
Rene descartes
Descartes explained that because we cannot
always trust our senses and in turn what we
perceive as who we are, we as a rational
being should focus on our mind and
explained that the more we think and
doubt what we perceived from our senses
and that answer that came from such
thinking or doubting leads to better
understanding of ourselves.
Rene descartes
Being in a constant doubt

regarding one’s existence is
proof that a person exists.
John locke
He is an English Philosopher and a
Physician.
Father of Classical Liberalism

John locke
Tabula Rasa which means a Blank Slate. An
absence of preconceived ideas or predetermined
goals
He believed that the experiences

and perceptions of a person is
important in the establishment of
who that person can become.
John locke
“a person is born with knowing nothing

and that is susceptible to stimulation
and accumulation of learning from the
experiences, failures, references, and
observations of the person.”
John locke
To be able to be whom we want to be,

with the right simulations, enough
experiences, as well as awareness that
by primarily knowing nothing will
enable one to be open to any kind of
learning and does not limit any
possibilities for growth.
He is a Scottish Philosopher. He focused
his work in the field of Empiricism,
Skepticism, and Naturalism.
David hume
Our impressions of things based on our
experiences and on such impressions,
we can create our ideas and knowledge
which leads to the argument that since
our ideas and impressions change, it
may improve or totally be replaced.
“there is no permanent self”
David hume
A German Philosopher that is known for
his works on Empiricism and
Rationalism.
Immanuel kant
Kant argued that the awareness of
different emotions that we have,
impressions and behavior is only a part
of our self.
Immanuel kant
“To fully understand who we are, a
certain level of consciousness or sense
that uses our intuition which synthesizes
all the experiences, impressions and
perceptions of ourselves will pave the
way to define and know who we really
are”.
Immanuel kant
Transcendental Apperception is an
essence of our consciousness that
provides basis for understanding and
establishing the notion of “self” by
synthesizing one’s accumulation of
experiences, intuition and imagination
goes beyond what we experience but
still be able to become aware.
Immanuel kant
Sigmund freud
“The self is multi-layered”
An Austrian Psychologist and Physician.
He is also known as the father of
psychoanalysis.
Aspects of personality
ID also known as the child aspect
1 of a person. The ID’s attention is on

satisfaction of one’s needs and self-
gratification.
.
SUPER EGO it is the conscience

2 of one’s personality.
.
EGO sometimes known as the
police of the mediator between ID
3 and SUPER EGO. It operates

within boundaries of reality;
primary function is to maintain the
. impulses of the ID to an acceptable
degree.
Freud also introduced the idea that
the accumulating of the
experiences of a person helps
build his personality although such
information are not stored in a
single area where we can access
them at any time.
Three levels of consciousness
1. THE CONSCIOUS – minority

of our memories are being
stored and the memories that
are in the conscious is easier to
be tapped or accessed.
2. PRE – CONSCIOUS – middle

part of the entirety of our
consciousness, the memories stored
in this area can still be accessed but
with a little difficulty.
3. UNCONSCIOUS – this area is

where majority of our memories
since childhood are deeply stored.
Sigmund freud
Freud believed that we are a by-product
of our experiences in the past.
Gilbert ryle
“Self is the behavior presented by
the person”.
Gilbert ryle
The things that we do, how we
behave and react and all other
components like the way we talk,
walk, and look is generally who
we are as a person.
Paul churchland
He is a Canadian Philosopher
whose focus in on the idea that
people should improve our
association and use of words in
identifying the self. He has this
idea that the “self” is defined by
the movements of our brain.
Paul churchland
ELIMINATIVE MATERIALISM
opposes that people’s common sense
understanding of the mind is false
and that most of the mental states that
people subscribe to, in turn, do not
actually exist, this idea also applies
on the understanding of behavior
and emotions.
Paul churchland
NEUROPHILOSOPHY to fully
understand one’s behavior, one
should understand the different
neurological movement of the brain.
Merleau – ponty
(mr – low- paan – tee)
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
is a French philosopher that is known
for his works on existentialism and
phenomenology.
Merleau – ponty
(mr – low- paan – tee)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty believed the physical
body to be an important part of what makes
up the subjective self.
Merleau – ponty
The idea of Phenomenology of

Perception according to Merleau-
Ponty is divided into three division.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF
PERCEPTION
1. THE BODY that both receives the
experience as well as integrates such
experiences in different perception.
Merleau – ponty
2. THE PERCEIVED WORLD

which are the accumulation of the
perception as integrated by the
experiences of the body.
Merleau – ponty
3. THE PEOPLE AND THE
WORLD that enable one to not only
be able to integrate the other
objects in the world but also to be
able to experience the cultural aspect
and relate to others.
Fin.
Thank you for listening!

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UNDS Understanding the

By fully knowing oneself a person will

The soul is immortal. Socrates believed that every

“Soul searching must begin at the source of all

A Saint and a Philosopher of the church.

He follows the belief that everything is

He follows the idea that God encompasses

The soul is what governs and defines the

body – dies on earth; soul – lives

A person is comprised of mind and

Being in a constant doubt

Father of Classical Liberalism

He believed that the experiences

“a person is born with knowing nothing

To be able to be whom we want to be,

“there is no permanent self”

ID also known as the child aspect

1 of a person. The ID’s attention is on

SUPER EGO it is the conscience

3 and SUPER EGO. It operates

1. THE CONSCIOUS – minority

2. PRE – CONSCIOUS – middle

3. UNCONSCIOUS – this area is

The idea of Phenomenology of

2. THE PERCEIVED WORLD

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