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    Chapter 1 PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF

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    The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins by defining the self as our sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals. It then examines various perspectives on the self from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Churchland. Socrates and Plato viewed the self as an immortal soul. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity comes from self-consciousness. For Hume, there is no permanent self and it is a bundle of perceptions. Kant viewed the self as an organizing consciousness. Ryle defined the self through behavior, while Churchland identified the self

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    Chapter 1 PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF

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    MLG F
    309 views17 pages
    The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins by defining the self as our sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals. It then examines various perspectives on the self from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Churchland. Socrates and Plato viewed the self as an immortal soul. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity comes from self-consciousness. For Hume, there is no permanent self and it is a bundle of perceptions. Kant viewed the self as an organizing consciousness. Ryle defined the self through behavior, while Churchland identified the self

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    The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins by defining the self as our sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals. It then examines various perspectives on the self from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Churchland. Socrates and Plato viewed the self as an immortal soul. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity comes from self-consciousness. For Hume, there is no permanent self and it is a bundle of perceptions. Kant viewed the self as an organizing consciousness. Ryle defined the self through behavior, while Churchland identified the self

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    309 views17 pages

    Chapter 1 PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF

    Uploaded by

    MLG F
    The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins by defining the self as our sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals. It then examines various perspectives on the self from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Churchland. Socrates and Plato viewed the self as an immortal soul. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity comes from self-consciousness. For Hume, there is no permanent self and it is a bundle of perceptions. Kant viewed the self as an organizing consciousness. Ryle defined the self through behavior, while Churchland identified the self

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    The SELF from Various

    Philosophical Perspectives
    Understanding the Self
    What is the “SELF”?
     SELF IS our sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals
     Is thinking and feeling being within “us,” and within “ourselves.”
     is the distinct identity which is a summation of the experiences of an individual.
    What is the nature of the self?

    An Anthropological
    Conceptualization of Philosophical
    Self: The Self as Perspective
    Embedded in Culture
    Who am I?

    SELF Sociological
    Psychological Perspective: The Self
    Perspective What am I? as a Product of
    Society
    PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES
     What is Philosophy?
     Greek words : Philos and Sophia
     Meaning : Love for wisdom
     Study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking
    and inquiries that involve in answering questions
    regarding the nature and existence of man and the world
    we live in
    Socrates
     Socrates First martyr of education, knowledge and
    philosophy
     His philosophy underlies in the importance of the notion
    ”know thy self”
     Men’s goal in life is to obtain happiness
     Understanding ourselves is through internal questioning
    or introspection (understanding our strengths and
    weaknesses; likes and dislikes)
    Plato
     Student of Socrates
     Followed the idea of Socrates on knowing thyself
     According to him a person who is a follower of truth and wisdom
    will not be tempted by vices and will always be correct/moral/ethical
    3 parts of the soul
    1. Appetitive Soul – the part of the person that is driven by desire
    and need to satisfy oneself. This satisfaction involves physical needs
    and pleasures and desires, objects and situations
    2. Spirited Soul – courageous part of a person, one who wants to do
    something or to right the wrongs that they observe. This is very
    competitive and is very active.
    3. Rational Soul – the drive of our lives, the part that thinks and plan
    for the future (the conscious mind). It decides what to do, when
    to do it and the possible results one could have depending on
    their action.
    St. Augustine
     A Saint and a Philosopher of the church
     Follows the idea that God encompasses us all, that
    everything will be better if we are with God.
     Believed that God and his teachings affect various aspects
    in life (everything is better if we devote ourselves in
    mending our relationship with God)
    Rene Descartes
     French philosopher known to be the father of modern
    philosophy because of his radical use of systematic and
    scientific method to aid his ideas and assumptions.
     What we perceive and accepting the fact that doubting,
    asking questions are part of one’s existence
     Known for the statement “cogito ergo sum” ( I think
    therefore I am)
     The more we think and doubt what we perceived from
    our senses and the answer that came from such thinking
    or doubting leads to better understanding of ourselves
    John Locke
     English philosopher and physician
     Considered the father of classical liberation
     Work on the self is most represented by the concept
    “tabula rasa” (blank slate)
     The experiences and perceptions of a person is
    important in the establishment of who that person can
    become.
    David Hume
     Scottish Philosopher
     Focused his work on the field of empiricism, skepticism
    and naturalism
     There is no permanent self because impressions of things
    are based from our experiences where we can create our
    ideas and knowledge, thus it may improved or totally
    replaced
    Emmanuel Kant
     German Philosopher that is known for his works on
    empiricism and rationalism
     Established that the collection of impressions and
    different contents is what it only takes to define a person
     Awareness of different emotions that we have,
    impressions and behaviors is only a part of our self
     Transcendental apperception
    Gilbert Ryle
     A British philosopher
     The self is the way people behave
     The self is best understood as a pattern of behavior, the
    tendency or disposition of a person to behave in a certain
    way in certain circumstances
     “I act therefore I am”
    Paul Churchland
     The body-mind problem cannot be solved by
    philosophers but by neuroscientists
     The self is the brain
     The mental state of the mind can impact on the cognitive,
    affective, and psychomotor of the self
     How can one perceive yourself and the choice you make?
    Maurice Merleau-Ponty
     “Is the self the body or the soul?” “If the self is both body
    and soul, then how is the body connected to the soul?”
     The self lives in the body; hence without the body the self
    cannot exist
    PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES
     What Philosophy says about the Self
    Philosopher Who is the Self?
    Socrates, Plato and St. The self is an immortal soul
    Augustine
    Descartes The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body
    John Locke Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness
    David Hume There is no self, only a bundle of constantly changing
    perceptions passing through the theater of our minds
    Immanuel Kant The self is a unifying subject, an organizing
    consciousness that makes intangible experience possible

    Gilbert Ryle The self is the way people behave


    Paul and Patricia The self is the brain. Mental issues will be superseded by
    Churchland the brain states
    Maurice Merleau-Ponty The self is embodied subjectivity
    Which philosophical perspective best fits my
    view of myself?

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