Community Waste Management

COMMUNITY WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Submitted to: Sir Manoj Kumar
Prepared By: Rachna Devi

OBJECTIVES:
 Definition of Refuse / Solid Waste and Sewage

 Methods for Soled waste and Sewage disposal
 Types of Latrines Used in Community
 Fecal Born diseases and its Control
 Typesof Rodent and diseases transmission by Rodent
How to Control Rodents
DEFINITION OF REFUSE / SOLID
WASTE AND SEWAGE
 Refuse/Solid Waste: Refuse or solid waste refers to any discarded materials, such as
household trash, packaging, and industrial waste, that are no longer needed or wanted.
These materials can be either recyclable, organic, hazardous, or non-recyclable,
requiring proper disposal to prevent environmental pollution and health risks.
 Sewage: Sewage is wastewater generated from domestic, commercial, and industrial

activities, containing a mixture of liquid and solid waste, including human waste,
soaps, and chemicals. Sewage must undergo treatment to remove contaminants before
being safely discharged back into the environment to prevent water pollution and
protect public health.
METHODS FOR SOLED WASTE AND
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
 For solid waste disposal:
o - Landfill: Disposal of solid waste in designated areas where it is compacted and

covered with soil.
o - Recycling: Sorting and processing recyclable materials to be reused.
o - Incineration: Burning solid waste at high temperatures to reduce volume.
o - Composting: Decomposing organic waste to produce nutrient-rich compost.
o - Source Reduction: Minimizing waste generation at the source through sustainable
practices.
 For sewage disposal:
o Sewage Treatment Plants: Facilities that treat sewage before discharge into
water bodies.
o Septic Systems: On-site sewage treatment systems for rural areas.
o Sewer Systems: Underground networks that transport sewage to treatment
facilities.
o Grey water Recycling: Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes.
o Constructed Wetlands: Natural systems designed to treat sewage using wetland
plants.
TYPES OF LATRINES USED IN
COMMUNITIES
 Pit Latrine: Basic sanitation facility consisting of a hole dug in the ground for
waste disposal, covered with a slab or structure for user privacy.
 Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine: Upgraded pit latrine design with a vent
pipe to reduce odors and improve ventilation, enhancing user comfort and
hygiene.
 Pour-Flush Latrine: Latrine equipped with a water seal and a pour-flush
system to transport waste to an underground pit or septic tank for containment.
 Eco San Toilet: Sustainable sanitation system that separates urine and feces for
safe reuse as fertilizer, promoting resource recovery and environmental
conservation.
 Composting Toilet: Dry sanitation system that decomposes human waste into
compost through aerobic decomposition, suitable for areas with limited water
access.
 These types of latrines offer varying levels of sanitation, hygiene, and
environmental sustainability, catering to the diverse needs and conditions of
communities worldwide.
FECAL-BORNE DISEASES AND THEIR
CONTROL
 Cholera: Bacterial infection spread through contaminated water or food,

causing severe diarrhea and dehydration. Control measures include water
treatment, sanitation improvements, and vaccination.
 Typhoid Fever: Bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food or
water, leading to high fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Control strategies
involve improved sanitation, hygiene practices, and vaccination.
 Hepatitis A: Viral infection transmitted through fecal-oral route, causing liver
inflammation and flu-like symptoms. Prevention methods include safe water
supply, proper sanitation, and vaccination.
 E. coli Infection: Bacterial illness from consuming contaminated food or
water, resulting in diarrhea and abdominal pain. Control measures include
food safety practices, water treatment, and personal hygiene.
 Ascariasis : Parasitic infection caused by roundworms in contaminated soil,
leading to intestinal blockages and malnutrition. Control involves improved
sanitation, hygiene education, and deworming programs.
 Effective control of fecal-borne diseases requires a comprehensive approach

that addresses sanitation, hygiene, water quality, and public health education to
prevent transmission and reduce the burden of these illnesses in communities
TYPES OF RODENTS AND DISEASES
TRANSMISSION
 Rats: Common rodents that can transmit diseases such as leptospirosis, rat-bite
fever, and Hantavirus through contact with their urine, feces, or bites.
 Mice: Small rodents known to spread diseases like salmonellosis, lymphocytic
choriomeningitis and plague through contamination of food and living spaces.
 Squirrels: Tree-dwelling rodents that may carry diseases like tularemia and
Lyme disease, transmitting pathogens through ticks or direct contact.
 Chipmunks: Small rodents that can harbor diseases such as plague and
hantavirus, posing a risk to humans through bites, scratches, or exposure to
contaminated areas.
 Guinea Pigs: Domestic rodents that can transmit diseases like ringworm and
salmonellosis to humans through close contact or improper handling.
 Rodents serve as vectors for various diseases, posing health risks to humans
through direct contact, contamination of food and water sources, or
transmission by parasites like fleas and ticks. Implementing rodent control
measures and maintaining proper sanitation practices are essential for
preventing disease transmission in communities
METHODS TO CONTROL RODENTS
 Seal Entry Points: Identify and seal off any gaps or openings in buildings to
prevent rodents from entering.
 Maintain Cleanliness: Keep living and storage areas clean, removing food
sources and clutter that attract rodents.
 Proper Waste Management: Secure garbage in rodent-proof containers and
dispose of it regularly to eliminate food sources.
 Trapping: Use snap traps, glue boards, or live traps to capture and remove
rodents from indoor spaces.
 Rodenticides: Use bait stations or traps with rodenticides to control rodent
populations, following safety guidelines to prevent accidental poisoning.
 Habitat Modification: Trim vegetation, remove debris, and maintain
landscaping to reduce rodent hiding spots and nesting areas.
 Professional Pest Control: Seek assistance from pest control professionals for
severe infestations or persistent rodent problems.
 Implementing a combination of these control measures can help effectively
manage rodent populations and reduce the risk of disease transmission in
communities.

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COMMUNITY WASTE

Prepared By: Rachna Devi

 Definition of Refuse / Solid Waste and Sewage

 Sewage: Sewage is wastewater generated from domestic, commercial, and industrial

 For solid waste disposal:

o - Landfill: Disposal of solid waste in designated areas where it is compacted and

 Cholera: Bacterial infection spread through contaminated water or food,

 Effective control of fecal-borne diseases requires a comprehensive approach

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