English

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 1: READING
ACADEMIC TEXTS
Lesson 1 – Academic Language used from Various
Disciplines
Lesson 2 – Text Structure
Lesson 3 – Techniques in Summarizing Variety of
Academic Texts
ACADEMIC TEXT
• written by professionals in a given field.
• Well-edited and often take years to publish.
• Uses formal language
1. Colloquialisms
- gonna
- wanna
-y’all
ACADEMIC TEXT
2. avoid contractions
- can’t -------------- cannot
- wasn’t -------------- was not
3. Formal Style
-writing in the third person
ACADEMIC TEXT
• Contain words and terms specific to the field (jargons)
• Contain list of sources and references
• Main goal is to advance human understanding in a
particular discipline
• Informative, argumentative, or objective in nature.
EXAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXT
• School books and • Project
textbooks • Article
• Research Paper • Thesis
• Newspaper • Dissertation
TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Descriptive Analytical
-provides facts and information. - organizes facts and information
into categories, groups, and parts, types,
or relationships.
Identify, report, record, summarize,
define Analyze, compare, contrast, relate,
examine
TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Persuasive Critical
- includes arguments, - requires you to consider at least
recommendation, interpretations or two points of view, including your own.
evaluation of work of others with the
addition of your own point of view.
Need to be supported by evidence. Critique, debate, disagree, and evaluate.
Argue, evaluate, discuss, take positions
NON-ACADEMIC TEXT
• Written for the mass public
• Published quickly and can be written by anyone
• Often doesn’t involve research or sources
• Uses informal and more conversational language
• Author may be unknown
• Usually delivers simples and basic information
• Personal, emotional, impressionistic, or subjective in
nature.
EXAMPLE OF NON-ACADEMIC TEXT
• Blog Post
• Fiction Books
• Letters
• Personal journals and diaries
ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Using the Venn Diagram, differentiate academic text from non-academic text.
ACADEMIC TEXT NON-ACADEMIC TEXT
LESSON 1 – ACADEMIC LANGUAGE USED FROM
VARIOUS DISCIPLINE
An academic text is a written language that

provides information, which contain ideas and
concepts that are related to the particular discipline.
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
ACADEMIC TEXT
• Structure • Evidence-based
• Tone Arguments
• Language • Thesis-Driven
• Citation
• Complexity
STRUCTURE
Consist of three (3) parts introduction, body,
and conclusion which is formal and logical.
This kind of structure enables the reader to
follow the argument and navigate the text.
Tone
-This refers to the attitude conveyed in a
piece of writing.
• Formal
Example: “According to the data presented,
the yellow tree frog mates between April and June.”
• INFORMAL
Example: “Hey, what's up? I'm calling to see if you want to

catch a flick tonight with me and my buddies?”
• AGGRESSIVE
Example: “The answer is no, and I don't want to hear another word
about it for as long as we both live.”
Language
- It is important to use unambiguous
language. Clear topic sentences enable a
reader to follow your line of thinking
without difficulty.
Citation
- Citing sources in the body of the paper and
providing a list of references as either footnotes
or endnotes is a very important aspect of an
academic text.
Complexity
An academic text addresses complex

issues that require higher-order
thinking skills to comprehend.
EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTS
What is valued in an academic text is that opinions
are based on a sound understanding of the pertinent
body of knowledge and academic debates that exist
within, and often external to a specific discipline
THESIS-DRIVEN
The starting point of an academic text is a
particular perspective, idea or position applied to
the chosen research problem, such as establishing,
proving, or disproving solutions to the questions
posed for the topic.
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS:
1. Complex
- Written language has no longer words, it is lexically more varied
vocabulary.
- Written texts are shorter and the language has more grammatical
complexity, including more subordinate clauses and more passives.
2. Formal - Should avoid colloquial words and
expressions.
3. Precise - Facts are given accurately and precisely.
4. Objective
- has fewer words that emphasize on the information
you want to give and the arguments you want to make
- mostly use nouns (adjectives), rather than verbs
(adverbs)
5. Explicit
- It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it
clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are
related.
6. Accurate
- Uses vocabulary accurately
- Most subjects have words with narrow specific
meanings.
7. Hedging
- It is necessary to make decisions about your stance on
a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you
are making.
8. Responsible
- You must be responsible for and must be able to
provide evidence and justification for any claims you
make.
9. Organize
- Well-organized.
- It flows easily from one section to the next in a
logical fashion.
10. Plan
- Well-planned.
- It usually takes place after research and
evaluation, according to specific purpose and plan.
PURPOSES IN READING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
1. To locate a main idea;

2. To scan for information;
3. To identify gaps in existing studies;
4. To connect new ideas to existing ones;
5. To gain more pieces of information;
6. To support a particular writing assignment; and,
7. To deeply understand an existing idea
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING
ACADEMIC TEXT
1.State critical questions and issues;
2. Provide facts and evidence from credible sources; 3. Use
precise and accurate words while avoiding jargon;
4. Take an objective point of view;
5. List references; and,
6. Use cautious language.
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
is the language needed by students to do the work in schools.

It includes, for example, discipline-specific vocabulary,
grammar and punctuation, and applications of rhetorical
conventions and devices that are typical for a content area
(e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a controversial issue.)
SOCIAL LANGUAGE
is the set of vocabulary that allows us
to communicate with others in the
context of regular daily conversations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
A. Formal
- It should not sound conversational or casual. Colloquial, idiomatic, slang or journalistic
expressions should particularly be avoided.
Examples:
Use… Instead…
Consider, monitor Look at
Revise, review Go over
Solve, repair, amend Fix
B. Objective
- This means it is unbiased. It should be based on facts and
evidence and are not influenced by personal feelings.
C. Impersonal
• - This involves avoiding the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’.
For example, instead of writing ‘I will show’, you might
write ‘this report will show’. The second person, ‘you’, is
also to be avoided.
Common Text Structures
-Text structures (WDPI, 2012) refer to the way authors
organize information in text. Recognizing the underlying structure
of texts can help students focus attention on key concepts and
relationships, anticipate what is to come, and monitor their
comprehension as they read.
WHY IS TEXT STRUCTURE IMPORTANT?
The readers can significantly improve their comprehension and retention

of information when they can identify and recognize the text structure of
a text. It can also help them:
1. Organize information and details they are learning in their minds
while reading.
2. Make connections between the details being presented in a text
3. Summarize the important details shared in a text
Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
Basic Rules:
A. Erase things that don’t matter. Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to
understanding.
B. Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material. In note taking, time and
space is precious. If a word or phrase says basically the same thing you have
already written down, then don’t write it again!
• C. Trade, general terms for specific names. Substitute
superordinate terms for lists (e.g., flowers for daisies, tulips
for roses). Focus on the big picture. Long, technical lists are
hard to remember. If one word will give you the meaning,
then less is more.
• D. Use your own words to write the summary. Write the
summary using your own words but make sure to retain the
main points.
Little Red Riding Hood wanted to take cookies to her sick
grandmother, but she encountered a wolf. He got to her
grandmother’s house first and pretended to be the old woman. He
was going to eat Little Red Riding Hood, but she realized what he
was doing and ran away, crying for help. A woodsman heard the
girl’s cries and saved her from the wolf.
Use the four SAAC cues to write out a summary of "The Boy
Who Cried Wolf" in complete sentences:
"The Boy Who Cried Wolf," by Aesop (a Greek storyteller),

tells what happens when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to the
villagers about seeing a wolf. After a while, they ignore his
false cries. Then, when a wolf really does attack, they don’t
come to help him.

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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

An academic text is a written language that

Example: “Hey, what's up? I'm calling to see if you want to

An academic text addresses complex

1. To locate a main idea;

is the language needed by students to do the work in schools.

The readers can significantly improve their comprehension and retention

"The Boy Who Cried Wolf," by Aesop (a Greek storyteller),

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