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    Design of Rapid Sand Filter

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    safiya
    Rapid sand filters are used for large-scale water treatment and can filter 3,000-6,000 liters of water per hour per square meter. They consist of an open tank containing layers of sand, gravel, and an underdrain system. Water enters from sedimentation tanks and is filtered as it percolates through the sand layer and collects in the underdrains. The filters are periodically backwashed using wash water and compressed air to remove accumulated debris and resettle the sand bed for further filtration.

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    Design of Rapid Sand Filter

    Uploaded by

    safiya
    100 views27 pages
    Rapid sand filters are used for large-scale water treatment and can filter 3,000-6,000 liters of water per hour per square meter. They consist of an open tank containing layers of sand, gravel, and an underdrain system. Water enters from sedimentation tanks and is filtered as it percolates through the sand layer and collects in the underdrains. The filters are periodically backwashed using wash water and compressed air to remove accumulated debris and resettle the sand bed for further filtration.

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    Rapid sand filters are used for large-scale water treatment and can filter 3,000-6,000 liters of water per hour per square meter. They consist of an open tank containing layers of sand, gravel, and an underdrain system. Water enters from sedimentation tanks and is filtered as it percolates through the sand layer and collects in the underdrains. The filters are periodically backwashed using wash water and compressed air to remove accumulated debris and resettle the sand bed for further filtration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    100 views27 pages

    Design of Rapid Sand Filter

    Uploaded by

    safiya
    Rapid sand filters are used for large-scale water treatment and can filter 3,000-6,000 liters of water per hour per square meter. They consist of an open tank containing layers of sand, gravel, and an underdrain system. Water enters from sedimentation tanks and is filtered as it percolates through the sand layer and collects in the underdrains. The filters are periodically backwashed using wash water and compressed air to remove accumulated debris and resettle the sand bed for further filtration.

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    DESIGN OF RAPID

    SAND FILTER
    Rapid sand Filter
    • Used for large town
    • Uses large sized particles
    • High rate of filtration = 3000 – 6000 liter/hour/m2 (3 – 6 m3/hr/m2)
    • Water from coagulation sedimentation tank is used
    • The filtered water is treated with disinfectants
    • Less efficient in removing bacteria and turbidity
    • Removes bacteria only upto 80 – 90%
    • Remaining bacteria is removed by disinfection methods
    • Turbidity removes only upto 35 – 40 mg/l
    Construction

    Enclosure tank
    • Open rectangular tank
    • Made of masonry or concrete
    • Depth = 2.5 – 3.5 m
    • Area = 10 – 80 m2 for each unit

    Filter media
    • Sand layer = 60 - 90 cm thick
    • D10 = 0.35 - 0.55 mm
    Cu = 1.3- 1.7mm
    • Coarser particles at the bottom and finer particles at the top
    Base material: Gravel
    • It act as supporting media and distributes the wash water.
    • Gravel = 60 - 90 cm thick
    • Used as 5 – 6 layers of each 10 – 15 cm thick
    • Coarsest size (40 – 60 mm) – Placed in the bottom
    • Intermediate size – 40mm – 6 mm
    • Finest Size (3 – 6 mm) – placed at the top
    Under drainage system

    • It receive and collect filtered water


    • It allow back washing for cleaning
    • It consist of manifold and lateral drains

    Manifold or main drain


    • 40 cm diameter main drain running along the center
    Lateral drains
    • 10 cm diameter laterals spaced at 10 – 30 cm apart
    Laterals may be
    1. Perforated pipes system
    2. Pipe and strainer system

    1. Perforated pipes system


    • Lateral drains with holes at the bottom
    • 6 – 13 mm diameter holes at 300 with vertical
    • Spacing of holes = 7.5 – 20 cm

    2. Pipe and strainer system


    • Lateral drain with strainer pipe having perforated cap
    • Strainer pipe at 15 cm apart on lateral pipe
    Other appurtenance
    Wash water trough
    • To collect dirty wash water comes out of filter after cleaning it
    • It can be square, v-shaped or semi-circular in section
    • It is made of concrete, steel or fiber glass
    • Spacing = 1.1 – 2 m apart
    • Discharge through wash water trough is given by

    b- width in m and y- water depth in m


    Air compressor
    • For agitating filter during back washing
    • It should be able to provide compressed air at a high rate
    Rate controller
    • Commonly used venturi rate controller
    • To obtain uniform rate of filtration
    Working of Rapid sand filter
    • Effluent from coagulation sedimentation tank enter into the inlet
    chamber
    • It get filtered as it percolates through the sand layer
    • Then it passes through gravel layer and finally collected in the under
    drains
    The filtered water is then taken out from the drains
    Cleaning of Rapid sand filter
    Cleaning of rapid sand filter is done by back washing and surface
    washing

    Back washing
    • Wash water and compressed air is sent back upward through the
    filter bed
    • This will agitate the sand particles and remove impurities
    • This dirty water after cleaning is collected in wash water troughs
    After cleaning, the filter is again set to work, but the filtered water
    cannot be
    used for sometimes as it contains some impurities.
    • The entire process of back washing takes 15 minutes
    • Amount of water for back washing = 2 – 5% of total filtered water
    • Rapid sand filter have to be washed every 24 – 48 hours
    • Rate of washing = 15 – 90 cm/minutes(generally 45cm/minute)
    • Pressure for washing = 40 kN/m2

    Surface wash
    • Clean filtered water applied to the sand bed from above using nozzle
    • It scour the particles and clean the surface
    E

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