Design of Screen Chamber: Civil Engineering Department S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat

Design of Screen Chamber
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

S. V. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
Design Considerations :
It is important to determine the head loss through the screens during its operation.
The head loss through screens mainly depends on:
I) Size and amount of solids in wastewater.
II) Clear openings between the bars.
III) Method of cleaning and its frequency.
IV) Velocity of flow through the screens, V.
Empirical relationship given by Kirschmer as given below is used to work out head
loss through screens, 4/3
w
hL  β   xhV Sinθ
b
where, hL = head loss (m)
 = a bar shape factor
W = width of bar facing the flow
b = Clear spacing between the bars.
hV = velocity head of flow approaching the rack (m)
 = Inclination of the bars.
The value of shape factor  for different types of bars is assumed as under:
 = 2.42 for sharp edge rectangular bars.
= 1.83 for rectangular bars
= 1.79 for circular rods.
Head loss is also computed by the expression,
hL = 0.0729 (V2 – vh2)
Where, hL = head loss in m
V = velocity of flow through screens, m/sec.
vh = velocity of flow before screen, m/sec. (approach velocity)
Design Criteria:
Besides head loss, other important design considerations are:
Design flow Q = 3 x Qavg
Approach velocity of wastewater, v < 37.5 cm/sec.
Maximum velocity through the screens, V = 30 cm/sec (hand cleaning)

= 75 cm/sec. (mechanical Cleaning)
Size of bars = 10 mm x 50 mm, (50 mm side parallel to the flow)
Inclination of bars,  = 30 - 60 , usually 45 with horizontal.
Clear spacing of bars are normally = 25 to 50 mm for hand cleaning.

= 15 to 75 mm for mechanical cleaning.
Quantity of screenings = 0.0015 to 0.015 m3/ML

for screen size of 10 cm to 25 cm respectively.
Example : Assuming suitable criteria, design a screen chamber to treat a
maximum flow of 0.15 m3/sec. of domestic wastewater in each channel from
the approach channel.
Solution:
1. Maximum flow of wastewater in each channel,
Qmax = 0.15 m3/sec = 12.96 MLD say 13 MLD
2. Providing the dimensions of screen chamber same as that of approach channel

determined in earlier Example, we have, L = 2.0m, B = 0.6m and D = 0.4m,
Cross-sectional area, Ax = B x D
= 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2
a) Compute flow through velocity:
Approach or flow through velocity, vh
Qmax/Area = 0.15/0.24 = 0.625 m/sec.
b) Compute the number of bars:
Provide bars of 10 mm x 50 mm with clear opening of 25 mm
Let, n = number of bars, then
Opening (n + 1) + size of bars (n) = B (total width)
0.025(n + 1) + 0.01n = 0.6 m
n = 16
Hence, provide 16 no. of 10 mm x 50 mm @ 25 mm clear spacing
Total width of screen chamber = (16 x 0.01) + (17 x 0.025) = 0.585 m
Hence, the provided width of 0.6 m is acceptable.
TIP : 16 bars are adjusted in total width of 60 cm.
c) Compute flow velocity through the screen bars :
Free Board
Total
Depth Clear Bar Spacing, 25 mm
DT = 0.7
m
D = 0.4 m
0.01 m Bar width
Tank Width, B = 0.6 m
As shown in sketch, velocity of flow through screen is determined as follows:
i) Effective width of channel,

Be = Total width – width of 16 bars
or Be = 0.6 – (0.01 x n)
or Be = 0.6 – ( 0.01 x 16) = 0.44m
and wastewater depth, d = 0.4m.
effective cross-sectional area of screen = 0.44(m) x 0.4(m) = 0.176 m2

velocity of flow through screen bars, V, is given by
flow 0.15(m3 / sec)
V   0.852 m/sec
cross sectional area 0.44 (m) x 0.4(m)
 0.9 m/sec
d) Compute head loss through bar rack
hL = 0.0729 ( V2 – v2)
Where, v = velocity before the screen in m/sec = 0.625 m/sec. (assumed)
V = velocity through the screen in m/sec = 0.9 m/sec.
hL = 0.0729 [ (0.9)2 – (0.75)2 ] = 0.031 m  0.03 m
(Acceptable as head loss is less than the design criteria, 0.15 m.)
e) Compute the Quantity of screening:
Assuming the screening production of 0.0015 m3/ML of flow,

At 25 mm opening and flow of 13 MLD
Quantity of screening produced = 0.0015(m3/ML) x 13(MLD)
= 0.0195 0.02 m3/d ( 20 Liters/d)
Cleaning can be done manually every day for an approximate quantity of 0.02 m3
f) Design of perforated plate:
Provide the length of plate equal to the width of chamber = 0.6m

Assuming the width of plate equal to 0.3 and depth of pocket equal to 0.15 m for
collecting screenings, the capacity of screening pocket
Cs = 0.6(m) x 0.3(m) x 0.15(m) = 0.027 m3, which is approximately equal to 0.02 m3
screening produced and cleaned every day, hence acceptable.
g) Compute inclined length of bars:

Assuming bars provided at inclination of 45,
inclined length of bars = D/sin45 = 0.7/sin45
= 1.0 m (say)
So, provide bars of total length of 1.0 m.
h) Compute the length of Screen Chamber:
Horizontal projected length = 1.0 x cos45   0.7 m

Let, length of outlet zone = length of perforated plate + 0.2 m
And assuming, length of inlet zone = 0.8m
Total length of screen channel = 0.8 + 0.7 + 0.5 = 2.0 m
Figure below shows the details of a bar screen.
Screen Bars Perforated Plate

0.6 m x 0.3 m
L = 0.6m
0.7m 0.3m
0.5m
Screening Pocket 0.15m
0.7m
0.4m
45°
0.8m 0.7m 0.3m

0.5m
Fig. Details of a bar screen

DESIGN SUMMARY
No. of units = 1 (with 2 channels)
Length of Chamber, L = 2.0m
Width of Chamber, B = 0.6m

Depth of Chamber, D = 0.7m (with Free Board)
Number of bars, n =16
Size of bars = 10mm x 50mm
Clear opening between the bars = 25mm
Inclination of the bars = 45°
Size of perforated plate = 0.6m x 0.3 m
Screening collection pocket = 0.6m x 0.3m x 0.15m

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Design of Screen Chamber

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Besides head loss, other important design considerations are:

Design flow Q = 3 x Qavg

Approach velocity of wastewater, v < 37.5 cm/sec.

Maximum velocity through the screens, V = 30 cm/sec (hand cleaning)

Size of bars = 10 mm x 50 mm, (50 mm side parallel to the flow)

Inclination of bars,  = 30 - 60 , usually 45 with horizontal.

Clear spacing of bars are normally = 25 to 50 mm for hand cleaning.

Quantity of screenings = 0.0015 to 0.015 m3/ML

2. Providing the dimensions of screen chamber same as that of approach channel

0.01 m Bar width

Tank Width, B = 0.6 m

As shown in sketch, velocity of flow through screen is determined as follows:

i) Effective width of channel,

effective cross-sectional area of screen = 0.44(m) x 0.4(m) = 0.176 m2

e) Compute the Quantity of screening:

Assuming the screening production of 0.0015 m3/ML of flow,

Provide the length of plate equal to the width of chamber = 0.6m

g) Compute inclined length of bars:

h) Compute the length of Screen Chamber:

Horizontal projected length = 1.0 x cos45   0.7 m

Screen Bars Perforated Plate

0.8m 0.7m 0.3m

Fig. Details of a bar screen

No. of units = 1 (with 2 channels)

Length of Chamber, L = 2.0m

Width of Chamber, B = 0.6m

Number of bars, n =16

Size of bars = 10mm x 50mm

Clear opening between the bars = 25mm

Inclination of the bars = 45°

Size of perforated plate = 0.6m x 0.3 m

Screening collection pocket = 0.6m x 0.3m x 0.15m

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