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    CH 5 Nucleic Acids

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    johairah merpha
    The document discusses nucleic acids and their structure and function. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic information through their sequence of nucleotide bases. DNA has a double-helix structure and replicates its genetic information through base-pairing between strands to pass on to offspring.

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    CH 5 Nucleic Acids

    Uploaded by

    johairah merpha
    40 views29 pages
    The document discusses nucleic acids and their structure and function. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic information through their sequence of nucleotide bases. DNA has a double-helix structure and replicates its genetic information through base-pairing between strands to pass on to offspring.

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    Ch 5 Nucleic Acids

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    The document discusses nucleic acids and their structure and function. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic information through their sequence of nucleotide bases. DNA has a double-helix structure and replicates its genetic information through base-pairing between strands to pass on to offspring.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views29 pages

    CH 5 Nucleic Acids

    Uploaded by

    johairah merpha
    The document discusses nucleic acids and their structure and function. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic information through their sequence of nucleotide bases. DNA has a double-helix structure and replicates its genetic information through base-pairing between strands to pass on to offspring.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Nucleic acids

    AP Biology 2006-2007
    Nucleic Acids
    Information
    storage

    AP Biology 2006-2007
    Nucleic Acids
     Function:
     genetic material
     stores information
     genes
     blueprint for building proteins
     DNA  RNA  proteins
    DNA  transfers information
     blueprint for new cells
     blueprint for next generation

    AP Biology
    proteins
    T
    G A
    T C
    C A
    A G
    G
    A
    AP Biology T
    C
    Nucleic Acids
     Examples:
     RNA (ribonucleic acid)
     single helix
     DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
     double helix
     Structure:
     monomers = nucleotides

    AP Biology
    DNA RNA
    Nucleotides
     3 parts
     nitrogen base (C-N ring) Nitrogen base
     pentose sugar (5C) I’m the
    A,T,C,G or U
     ribose in RNA part!
     deoxyribose in DNA
     phosphate (PO4) group
    Are nucleic acids
    charged molecules?

    AP Biology
    Types of nucleotides Purine = AG
    Pure silver!
     2 types of nucleotides
     different nitrogen bases
     purines

     double ring N base


     adenine (A)
     guanine (G)
     pyrimidines
     single ring N base
     cytosine (C)
     thymine (T)
     uracil (U)
    AP Biology
    Nucleic polymer
     Backbone
     sugar to PO4 bond
     phosphodiester bond
     new base added to sugar of
    previous base
     polymer grows in one direction
     N bases hang off the
    sugar-phosphate backbone
    Dangling bases?
    Why is this important?

    AP Biology
    Pairing of nucleotides
     Nucleotides bond between
    DNA strands
     H bonds
     purine :: pyrimidine

     A :: T

     2 H bonds
     G :: C
     3 H bonds

    Matching bases?
    Why is this important?
    AP Biology
    DNA molecule
     Double helix
     H bonds between bases
    join the 2 strands
     A :: T
     C :: G

    H bonds?
    Why is this important?

    AP Biology
    Copying DNA
     Replication
     2 strands of DNA helix are
    complementary
     have one, can build other
     have one, can rebuild the
    whole

    Matching halves?
    Why is this
    a good system?

    AP Biology
    When does a cell copy DNA?
     When in the life of a cell does DNA have
    to be copied?
     cell reproduction
     mitosis
     gamete production
     meiosis

    AP Biology
    DNA replication
    “It has not escaped our notice that
    the specific pairing we have
    postulated immediately suggests a
    possible copying mechanism for the
    genetic material.”
    James Watson
    Francis Crick
    1953

    AP Biology
    1953 | 1962
    Watson and Crick … and others…

    AP Biology
    1953 | 1962
    Maurice Wilkins… and…

    AP Biology
    Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

    AP Biology
    Interesting note…
     Ratio of A-T::G-C
    affects stability
    of DNA molecule
     2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds
     biotech procedures
     more G-C =
    need higher T° to
    separate strands
     high T° organisms
     many G-C
     parasites
     many A-T (don’t know why)

    AP Biology
    Another interesting note…
     ATP
    Adenosine triphosphate

     modified nucleotide
     adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi

    + +

    AP Biology
    HELIXHELIX

    AP Biology
    Macromolecule
    Review

    AP Biology 2006-2007
    Carbohydrates
     Structure / monomer
     monosaccharide
     Function
     energy
     raw materials

     energy storage glycosidic bond


     structural compounds

     Examples
     glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen
    AP Biology
    Lipids
     Structure / building block
     glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains
     Function
     energy storage
     membranes

     hormones

     Examples ester bond (in a fat)


     fat, phospholipids, steroids
    AP Biology
    Proteins
     Structure / monomer
     amino acids
     levels of structure

     Function
     enzymes  defense
     transport  structure peptide bond
     signals  receptors

     Examples
     digestive enzymes, membrane
    channels, insulin hormone, actin
    AP Biology
    Nucleic acids
     Structure / monomer
     nucleotide
     Function
     information storage
    & transfer
     Examples
     DNA, RNA

    AP Biology phosphodiester bond


    Let’s build
    some DNA, baby!

    AP Biology
    Ghosts of Lectures Past
    (storage)

    AP Biology 2007-2008
    Building the polymer

    AP Biology
    RNA & DNA
     RNA
     single nucleotide chain
     DNA
     double nucleotide chain
     N bases bond in pairs
    across chains
     spiraled in a double helix
     double helix 1st proposed as structure of DNA
    in 1953 by James Watson & Francis Crick
    (just celebrated 50th anniversary in 2003!)

    AP Biology
    Information polymer
     Function
     series of bases encodes information
     like the letters of a book
     stored information is passed
    from parent to offspring
     need to copy accurately
     stored information = genes
     genetic information

    Passing on information?
    Why is this important?

    AP Biology

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