Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Homeostasis of Body Fluids

    Uploaded by

    listodart

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Homeostasis of Body Fluids

    Uploaded by

    listodart
    4 views29 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4 views29 pages

    Homeostasis of Body Fluids

    Uploaded by

    listodart

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 29

    Homeostasis of body fluids

    G. Ogweno
    Alle Ding sind Gift, und nichts ohn Gift; allein die
    Dosis macht, daß ein Ding kein Gift ist
    "All substances are poisons; there is none which
    is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a
    poison and a remedy.”

    Paracelsus (1493-1541)
    (Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus
    von Hohenheim )
    Fluid compartments

    compart %body Vol(L) barrier


    ment wt
    Total 60% 42
    Body
    water
    ICF 40% 28 Cell
    membra
    ne
    ECF(IS 20(15& 14(10.5 Capillar
    F/ 5) &3.5) y wall
    Ionic composition

    ion units ECF ICF


    Na+ mEq/L 135-147 10-15
    K+ mEq/L 3.5-5.0 120-150
    Cl- mEq/L 95-105 20-30
    HCO3 mEq/L 22-28 12-16
    Ca++ Mmol/L 2.1-2.8 10-7

    Pi Mmol/L 1.0-1.4 0.5-0.7


    Fluid exchange between ICF and
    ECF
    • Free movement of water
    • Direction by hydrostatic pressure and
    osmotic pressure balance determined by
    osmolality
    • Water channels(aquaporins)
    • Ionic movement determined by membrane
    transporters
    Mechanisms creating ionic
    gradients
    • predominantly Na+&Cl- extracellular,
    K+,Prot&Pi intracellular
    • Result of active transport e.g Na+/K+
    ATPase
    • Specific channels e.g K+leakage
    • Presence of large organic osmolytes
    • Membrane characteristics
    Membrane transporters
    Water channels: aquaporins
    Ion channels: Na+,K+,Ca++,Cl-,Anion,Cat
    Solute carriers:
    • Uniport:glucose(Glut2),Fructose(Gluts),Urea(UT-A),Fe++
    (ferroportin)
    • Symport:Na+-glucose(SGLT2),2Na+-amino acid,Na+-Cl-,Na+-
    K+,Na+-Pi,Na-3HCO3,K+-Cl etc
    • Antiport: Na+-H+,Cl- -HCO3,3Na+-Ca++
    Transport ATPase:
    • P-Type: Na+,K+
    • H+,K+
    • H+,Ca++(PMCA)
    • V-Type:H-ATPase
    • ABC transporters:cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator
    (CFTR),multidrug resistance protein (MRP-1),Organic anion
    Role of ionic gradients
    • Optimal enzymatic pH
    • Membrane potential for excitable tissues
    • Regulation of cell volume/turgor/shape
    Effect of exogenous fluid tonicity on
    ECF
    • Isotonic NaCl to ECF-increase vol by
    same amount, ICF unaffected
    • Hypotonic NaCl to ECF-osmotic
    equilibration, both ECF&ICF increase,
    equal but lower osmolality
    • Hypertonic NaCl-osmotic equilibration,
    shift from ICF to ECF
    Regulation of cell volume:isotonic
    • Water freely permeable, depends on osmotic
    pressure/osmolality gradient
    • Function of balance of active ion transporters and Gibbs-
    Donnan effect
    • Can be modified by reduced ATP synthesis or metabolic
    inhibitors e.g oubain
    • Steady state determined by impermeant solutes
    • Permeant solutes only cause transient changes in
    volume
    • The greater the permeability of membrane to permeant
    solutes, the more the rapidity of time-cause of transient
    changes
    Response to hypotonic solution
    Response to hypertonic solution
    Regulation of cell
    volume:nonisotonic
    • ECF normally isotonic
    • Certain regions non-isotonic e.g renal medulla, brain
    • Regulation by organic osmolytes e.g sorbitol,
    myoinositol, methylamines,tarine, glutamate, β-Alanine
    • Ionic transporters e.g Na+/K+; Na+/H+;
    • Specific ion channels e.g K+,Cl-,
    • Cell size monitored by cytoskeleton, macromolecular
    crowding, ionic strength, stimuli like stretching, second
    mesengers, neurotransmitters e.g glutamate
    Measurement of fluid volumes:
    principles
    Indicator dilution techniques
    Qualities of dye:
    • Easy to detect conc,
    • equal equilibration rapidly, Complete mixing
    • Not adsorbed onto cells or constituents
    • nil disturbance of compartment
    • Stays in compartment
    • Can account for elimination e.g by metabolism
    or excretion
    • Non toxic
    Measurement of fluid
    volumes:agents
    • Plasma volume:tagged plasma proteins e.g Evans
    blue(T-1824) or iodine (131I) on albumin
    • Total blood volume=plasma volX 100/(100-Ht)
    • Red cell vol=TBV-plasma vol;tagged RBC space e.g
    by 51 Cr,59Fe, 32 p
    • ECF: inulin, mannitol, substraction from TBW
    • Interstitial: indirectly
    • ISF=ECF-plasma volume
    • ICF=TBW-ECF
    • TBW: deuterium(D2O),tritium oxide, aminopyrine
    Importance of water in life
    • Cell life-cell turgor and shape
    • medium for Chemical and metabolic
    reactions
    • Transport of nutrients
    • Body temperature regulation
    • Elimination of waste
    • Lubricant finctions

    You might also like