Microsoft Power BI:

basics
Power BI Desktop interface elements Source: Deckler (2022)
Views
• There are three different views available:
• Report: The Report view allows for the authoring of reports through the creation of
visualizations on one or more pages.
• Data: The Data view provides an interface for exploring the data contained within the
individual tables of a data model.
• Model: The Model view provides an overall look at all of the tables in the data model
and how those tables relate to one another.

Source: Deckler (2022)

Panes
• Filters: The Filters pane is available within the Report view and displays a list of filters currently
active on reports, pages, and visualizations.
• Visualizations: The Visualizations pane is also available when in the Report view and provides
access to the various visualization types available within the report. Sub-panes exist for configuring
and formatting visualizations and adding analytics to visualizations, as well as for configuring filters
and drill-through capabilities for reports, pages, and visualizations.
• Bookmarks, Selection, Performance Analyzer, and Sync Slicers: These panes are only available
while in Report view and provide additional capabilities that we will explore later.
• Properties: The Properties pane is only present in the Model view. This pane provides the ability
to associate metadata (data about data) for various fields or columns within the tables of the data
model. This includes the ability to specify synonyms and descriptions as well as data types, data
categories, and default aggregations or summarizations.

Source: Deckler (2022)

Canvas
• The Canvas is the main work area within the desktop. This area is contextual
depending upon the view. When in the Report view, this area is the place where
visualizations are created in order to build reports. When in the Data view, this
area displays the underlying data for a selected table within the data model.
Finally, when in the Model view, this area displays all of the tables within the data
model and their relationships to one another.
Wallpaper
• The Wallpaper area is only available in the Report view. There islittle
functionality other than the ability to set a background color or image for a report.
Pages
• The Pages area is only available when in the Report view. The Pages area
provides the ability to create new pages, rename pages, and reorder pages within a
report.
Footer
• The Footer area is contextual based upon the current view. In the Report view,
the footer provides basic information regarding how many pages are in the report
and which page is currently selected by the user. In the Data view, the footer
provides basic statistics of a selected table and/or column, including the number
of rows in the table and the number of distinct values in a column. Finally, in the
Model view, the footer provides various viewing controls, such as the ability to
zoom in and out, reset the view, and fit the model to the current display area.
Ribbon
• The ribbon consists of three permanent tabs and a number of contextual tabs. The
permanent tabs are as follows:
• File: The File tab actually displays a fly-out menu when clicked that allows overall file operations, such
as opening and saving Power BI Desktop files. Power BI Desktop files have the .pbix file extension.
Other operations include importing data, exporting, and publishing.
• Home: The Home tab provides a variety of the most common operations, such as copying and pasting,
getting data, inserting visuals, creating calculations, and other common actions.
• Help: The Help tab includes useful links for getting help with Power BI, including links to the Power BI
Community site, documentation, guided learning, and training videos.
Ribbon
• Contextual tabs appear in the ribbon depending upon the view selected, what items are selected in the
interface, and whether or not additional tools are installed. These tabs include the following:
• Insert: The Insert tab only appears in the Report view and has options for adding pages, visuals, and visual elements such as
textboxes, images, and buttons.
• Modeling: The Modeling tab only appears in the Report view and provides operations common to the data modeling process,
including creating calculations, new tables, and new parameters, as well as operations related to security, questions, and answers.
• View: The View tab only appears in the Report view and has actions related to themes, page views, and mobile page layout, as well
as options related to laying out visual elements on a page, such as gridlines and snap to grid. Finally, the View tab includes options for
showing or hiding panes, such as the Filters pane, Bookmarks pane, and Performance Analyzer pane.
• Format: The Format tab is all about formatting how visuals interact with one another or are displayed in relation to one another. This
tab appears while in Report view when a visual is selected on the canvas.
• Drill/Data: The Drill/Data tab provides operations focused on Power BI's ability to drill into data and see the raw data that makes up
a visualization. This tab only appears in Report view when a visual is selected on the canvas.
• Table tools: The Table tools tab provides options for adjusting the properties of tables as well as creating new tables, measures, and
columns. This tab is displayed in the Report and Data views when a table is selected in the Fields pane.
• Column tools: The Column tools tab provides options for adjusting the properties of columns in the dataset. This tab is displayed in
the Report and Data views when a column is selected in the Fields pane.
• Measure tools: The Measure tools tab provides options for adjusting the properties of DAX measures. This tab is displayed in the
Report and Data views when a measure is selected in the Fields pane.
• External Tools: This tab is displayed in the Report, Data, and Model views when external tools, such as DAX Studio or Tabular
Editor, are installed.
The Formula Bar
• The formula bar allows the user to enter Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) code
in order to create columns, measures, and tables in the data model. DAX is a
formula language comprised of functions, operators, and values and is used in
Analysis Services (Tabular), Power BI Desktop, and Power Pivot in Excel.
Introducing DAX
• While Excel's formula language is optimized for dealing with cells in a
spreadsheet, DAX is optimized to deal with tables of data consisting of columns
and rows. Hence, unlike Excel, it is not possible to reference an individual cell
within a table. Instead, you use DAX to identity a table and a column and then
filter down to a single row or rows.
 Creating a calculated table
• Power BI Desktop is all about connecting to
data, modeling that data, and then visualizing
that data. Therefore, it makes sense that you
cannot really do much within Power BI without
data.
• Report  Modeling  New Table
• Calendar = CALENDAR( DATE(2017 ,1 ,1),
DATE(2019 ,12 ,31))

Source: Deckler (2022)

 Creating calculated columns
• Calendar table, Fields pane, Table tools tab
• New Column
• Month = FORMAT([Date],"MMMM")

Source: Deckler (2022)

 Creating calculated columns

• Year = YEAR([Date])
• MonthNum = MONTH([Date])
• WeekNum =
WEEKNUM([Date])
• Weekday =
FORMAT([Date],"dddd")
• WeekdayNum =
WEEKDAY([Date],2)
• IsWorkDay =
IF([WeekdayNum]<=5 ,1, 0)
• The(2022)
Source: Deckler IF function works identically
 Formatting columns
• Date column, Column tools tab
• Data type
• Format

Source: Deckler (2022)

Creating visualizations
IsWorkDay by Month? Order of month?
2

3
1
Formatting your visualization

Source: Deckler (2022)

Question 1: How to get that?

Source: Deckler (2022)

Adding analytics to your visualization
1. Ensure that your first visualization is selected in the canvas.
2. Click on the Analytics sub-pane. Here again, we see several expandable sections.
3. Expand the Average Line section and then click + Add. Note the dotted line that appears
on your visual.
4. Change the text Average Line 1 to Average Working Days. Underneath this, note that
Measure is set to IsWorkDay.
5. Below Measure, change Color to black and change Position to Behind.
6. Toggle on the Data label, change Color to black, change Text to Both, and finally,
change Horizontal Position to Right.

Source: Deckler (2022)

Your first visualization

Source: Deckler (2022)

Question 2: Try more lines?

Source: Deckler (2022)

Creating and using a slicer
1. Ensure that your first visual is selected and change to the Fields sub-pane in the Visualizations pane.
2. Drag the Year column from the Fields pane into the Small multiples field in the Visualizations pane. Your
visualization is now divided into four quadrants with each year displayed individually, as shown in the
following diagram:
Slicer

Source: Deckler (2022)

Creating more visualizations

Source: Deckler (2022)

Creating more visualizations
2

1
 Let's create two additional visuals:
1. For the first visual, drag the Weekday column in the Fields pane onto a blank area of the canvas. Note that a single-column table of the distinct values
for the days of the week appears.
2. Drag the Date column from the Fields pane into this new visual. Four columns are automatically created for Year, Quarter, Month, and Day. As
before, change this from Date Hierarchy to just Date.
3. Change this visual to Clustered bar chart. That is the third visual over in the top row.
4. In the Fields sub-pane within the Visualizations pane, drag and drop Date from the Legend field to the Values field. Note that the text changes to
Count of Date.
5. Drag the visual so that the top of the visual lines up with the top of our original column chart visual and then resize it so that this visual extends to the
middle of the page horizontally and all of the way to the bottom of the page.
6. Notice that the weekdays are not in order. Use the ellipsis (...) in the visual to change Sort by to Weekday and Sort ascending.
7. Click on the Weekday column in the Fields pane and then, from the Column tools tab, choose the Sort by column and then WeekdayNum. This new
visual now displays Monday at the top and Sunday at the bottom.
8. Finally, format this visual to display Data labels.
9. Click on a blank area of the canvas and select the Card visual. This is the visual in the fourth row from the top and farthest to the right.
10. Drag Date from the Fields pane into this visual.
11. In the Fields sub-pane of the Visualizations pane, use the drop-down arrow next to Earliest Date and change this to Count.
12. Lastly, reposition the Card visual to be in the center of the blank area of the canvas and resize the visual to be just big enough to fully display the
Count of Date text.
Editing visual interactions
• With Monday selected in the bar chart, hover your mouse over July again, but, this time, hold down the Ctrl
key and then click the July column. Note that the Card visual changes to read 5. By using the Ctrl key, we
can make values selected within visuals additive with one another.
Editing visual interactions
• One icon looks like a column chart
with a small funnel, and the other is a
circle with a line through it. If you
hover over these icons, you will see
that the chart icon is called Filter and
the circle icon is called None. The icon
that is shaded in gray is the currently
active interaction mode.

Source: Deckler (2022)

Editing visual interactions
• Select the column chart visual in the lower
left corner and hover your mouse pointer
over the bar chart. Notice that a third icon
appears that is simply shaded in the column
chart. This is the Highlight icon, which
explains the behavior of this chart when we
clicked on months within our column chart:
• Card visuals cannot filter other visuals.
Still 1095 days.
Why?
 Vietnam
https://future.ueh.edu.vn/

Thank You