JHS Digestive System

Good
mornin
g
Let’s Pray
Let’s
Play
MOUTH
STOMACH
LIVER
INTESTINE
TONGUE
Structures and
Functions of the
Digestive System
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the organs that make up the digestive
system;
2.Describe how some accessory organs and glands help
the body in the digestive process; and
3.Explain ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation,
and excretion.
4.Appreciate the importance of eating healthy food.
Activity 1. Pick Me UP!
In this activity, the you will work by group.

Student will identify the organs that are part of
the digestive system from among the pictures
and paste it on the blank picture. This is a group
activity; you are expected to collaborate and
brainstorm with one another.
MOUTH
ESOPHAGUS
LIVER
STOMACH
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM
INTRODUCTION
The function of the digestive
system is digestion, the
breakdown of organic
compounds into their simple
forms for use by the cells. It
breaks down food
mechanically and chemically.
Processes of Digestive System
A. INGESTION
B. DIGESTION
C. ABSORPTION
D. ASSIMILATION
E. EGESTION
INGESTION
the first process that
happens in digestive system. It is the
journey of taking in food or any
substance into the body through the
mouth.
A. INGESTION
B. DIGESTION
C. ABSORPTION
D. ASSIMILATION
E. EGESTION
While the foodDIGESTION
is in the mouth, the teeth
the
cut,second
crush, process
and break involved
it apartininto
digestive
tiny
system.
pieces It is the
while the tongue
processhelps
that involves
mix food
break
with down
saliva of largeby
secreted food
themolecules into
salivary glands
smaller into
forming molecules
a moistfor easy
ball absorption
called bolus soofit
the cells.
can be easily swallowed.
Then, the bolus passes from
the mouth to the esophagus
- a tube that attaches the
mouth to the stomach.
The walls of the stomach have
The primary function of the
special cells that secrete gastric
stomach is to store food, which
juices like hydrochloric acid and
turnsthat
pepsin to chyme afterchemical
begin the being
acted on by theofstomach
breakdown proteins.acid.
LIVER
GALL BLADDER PANCREAS

The small intestine is an organ that
breaks down food further into
substances, such as glucose, that can be
absorbed by the villi. It has three parts
namely the duodenum, the jejunum,
and ileum.
A. INGESTION
B. DIGESTION
C. ABSORPTION
D. ASSIMILATION
E. EGESTION
Each villus contains
ABSORPTION
blood capillaries that
isenable
the process
it to absorb
of passing
water,theglucose,
solubleamino
food
acids,
molecules
vitamins,in the
minerals,
wall ofand
thefatty
smallacids.
Itintestine
also increases
throughthetheamount
villi – the
of surface
tiny,
finger-like
area available
projections
for the
fromabsorption
the epithelial
of
lining of thenutrients.
intestinal wall.
A. INGESTION
B. DIGESTION
C. ABSORPTION
D. ASSIMILATION
E. EGESTION
The third part ASSIMILATION
of the small intestine is the
It is which
ileum the movement
is about 3.5 of digested
meters infood
length.
nutrients
Its maininto the blood
function is thevessels of the
assimilation
small(absorption)
intestine through
of B12 diffusion
and theand
re- use
of nutrients (reabsorption)
assimilation into the body cells through
of conjugated
thebile
microvilli.
salts.
The
This Large
is whereintestine is divided
reabsorption of liquid,
electrolytes
into caecum, and some vitamins colon,
ascending from the
undigested food takes place. It secretes
transverse
mucus to aid incolon, descending
the formation of feces
colon,
and and sigmoid
maintains colon
alkaline conditions.
A. INGESTION
B. DIGESTION
C. ABSORPTION
D. ASSIMILATION
E. EGESTION
EGESTION
It is the release of undigested food
collected in the rectum called feces
and pushed out of the body through
the anus by defecation.
Activity 2. Share It!
In this activity, the students will work by group. Study
the figure below and answer the questions that follow.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. This
is a group activity; the students are expected to
collaborate and brainstorm with one another.
Wrap Up!
Quiz time!
Assignment:
Create an infographic of the digestive system - parts and
functions as well as the disorders that you might be getting
from malfunction of some organs of the system.
Note: An infographic is a collection of images, diagrams, and
text that provides an easy-to-understand general idea of a
topic. Most infographics use prominent and attractive
illustrations to converse the facts quickly and clearly.
Thank you!

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In this activity, the you will work by group.

SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE

GALL BLADDER PANCREAS

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