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Science 9
Quarter 4 Week 3
Momentum and Impulse
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)
*Relate impulse and
momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision). picture picture Study the given figures.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere
aliquam aut animi culpa quo quia dolorem.
If the two vehicles in Figure 1
suddenly lose their breaks and crash against the brick wall, which do you think would be more damaging? What factor would affect the impact of collision if their velocities were the same? picture
Thus, in Figure hit the1, if both the truck and
ROAD the car are moving at the same velocities and Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere
lose their brakes, the truck would cause more
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damage on the wall by virtue of its mass. Two
bodies of the same mass but different velocities will also have different momenta. In Figure 2, car A (#7) is travelling at 80 km/h while car B (#4) is travelling at 30 km/h. Which of the two cars would be more difficult to stop? Which of the two cars Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere aliquam aut animi culpa quo quia dolorem.
has more momentum?
Figure 2. Identical cars of different velocities picture In Figure 2, carshitA the and B ROAD have the same mass. But since car A has greater velocity, it has greater Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere momentum making it more difficult to stop than car aliquam aut animi culpa quo quia dolorem.
B. In physics, an external force acting on an object over a specific time leads to a change in momentum of the object. A special name is given to the product of the force applied and the time interval during which it acts: impulse. Picture
Picture The baseball player in Picture
Figure 3 exerts a great
amount of force in hitting the baseball. What is/are the effect/s of this force on the baseball? Why does the man have to do a “follow through” after hitting the baseball? Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere aliquam aut animi culpa quo quia dolorem. Figure 3. Hitting a baseball picture
hit the ROAD
As shown in Figure 3, the baseball player Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere
exerts force to change the baseball’s
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momentum by hitting it with a bat. He does a
“follow through” to increase his time of contact with the baseball and change its momentum further. Picture
A body’s momentum Picture is its tendency
Picture to resist any change in its state of motion or rest. It is also known as inertia in motion. Momentum depends on two factors, mass, and velocity. For bodies moving at the same velocity, the more massive body has greater inertia in motion therefore has greater momentum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Et quis nulla vel facere aliquam aut animi culpa quo quia dolorem. Slide title 7 picture The momentum (p) of a body is the product picture picture of its masspicture (m) and its velocity (v), as in the equation: p = mv. Force is needed to change the momentum of a body. This force (F) multiplied by the time of contact (t) is known as impulse (I): I = Ft = Δp.
Bodies change their momentum through collisions, which may be
elastic or inelastic. The SI unit for momentum (p) and impulse (I) is newton-second (Ns) or kilogram-meter per second (kg · m/s). Sample Problems: 1. What is the momentum of a 22-kg grocery cart which travels at 1.2 m/s? Given: m = 22 kg; v = 1.2 m/s Find: p Solution: p=mv = (22 kg) (1.2 m/s) = 26.4 kg•m/s Sample Problems: 2. An offensive player passes a football of mass 0.42 kg with a velocity of 25.0 m/s due south. If the player is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s, what is the magnitude of the average force he exerts? Given: m = 0.42 kg; v = 25.0 m/s, south; t = 0.050 s Find: F Solution: Ft = m v F=mv t
= ( 0.42 kg) (25.0 m/s)
0.050 s
= 210 kg•m/s2 Learning Task 2:
Changes in momentum happen every time. A fast-
moving car when suddenly stopped might have damaging effects not only to the vehicle itself but also to the person riding it. Various devices have been installed in vehicles to ensure the safety of the passengers. Can you think of some safety devices installed on vehicles (public/private)? Name at least five (5) of them.
Negative Mass and Negative Refractive Index in Atom Nuclei - Nuclear Wave Equation - Gravitational and Inertial Control: Part 6: Gravitational and Inertial Control, #6
Negative Mass and Negative Refractive Index in Atom Nuclei - Nuclear Wave Equation - Gravitational and Inertial Control: Part 6: Gravitational and Inertial Control, #6
