Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
What I Know
Instructions. Read each sentence carefully
and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is defined as the active principle of
burning.
a. Fire c. Sinkhole
b. Map d. Storm surge
2. The following are the elements of fire
except ____________.
a. Heat c. Carbon Dioxide
b. Oxygen d. Chain Chemical
Reaction
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the
stages of fire?
a. Ignition-Growth-Fully Developed-Burnout
b. Growth-Ignition-Decay-Fully Developed
c. Ignition-Fully Developed-Growth-Decay
d. Burnout-Fully Developed-Growth-Decay
4. It is the passage of heat energy through
or within a material because of direct
contact.
a. Burnout c. Convection
b. Conduction d. Radiation
5. What does P.A.S.S. stand for?
a. Pass A Smooth Sugar
b. Paper-Are-Squeezed-Smoothly
c. Push-At-Side-by-Side
d. Pull-Aim-Squeeze-Sweep
6. Fire is spread through the following
except _______________.
a. Burnout c. Convection
b. Conduction d. Radiation
7. Which of the following is not one of
the ways of putting out a fire?
a. Exclude oxygen
b. Cool the burning material
c. Break the chemical reaction
d. None of these
8. As a preventive measure of fire, which of the
following you should not do in the kitchen area?
a. Do not store items above the stove top.
b. Never leave your kitchen while cooking.
c. Idle electrical appliances must be plugged.
d. Avoid overloading of outlets and use of worn
cords.
9. Which of the following is a purpose of a fire
alarm?
a. It is used to extinguish a fire.
b. It alarms when you are asleep during a fire.
c. It serves a guide on where to exit during fire.
d. It alerts you when the fire is still in a controllable
state.
10. Which of the following stages of fire
can a fire extinguisher control the fire?
a. Decay c. Ignition
b. Fully Developed d. Growth
11. Ordinary combustible or light
materials belong to _______
classification of fire.
a. Class A c. Class D
b. Class B d. Class K
12. Which of the following is not a
flammable liquid?
a. Coffee c. Paints
b. Floor wax d. Rugby
13. Mr. Lee is considering of having safety measures
in his home against fire. Which of the following
should he do as preventive measure?
a. Install a fire alarm.
b. Buy a fire extinguisher.
c. Create and attach an emergency exit plan.
d. All of these
14. Alex wants to prepare their home from fire, so
he studied about the common causes of fire and
these are the following except ___________.
a. Lighted cigarette
b. Extinguishing a fire
c. Unattended torch and lighted candles
d. LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks
15. Ms. D would like to purchase fire
extinguisher for her new business, which
type of fire extinguisher should she buy?
a. A type c. ABC type
b. B type d. ABCD type
LESSON 1

Fire Hazard
What I Need To Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
-state the positive and negative effects of fire;
-understand the causes of fire; and
-apply preventive measures in dealing with fire
hazards.
Instructions:
Match the following hydrometeorological hazards in
Column A to its description in Column B. Write the
letter of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
 COLUMN A COLUMN B

____1. Typhoon a. A storm with thunder and lightning and typically also heavy
____2. Thunderstorm rain or hail
____3. Flashflood b. It is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or
____4. Flood earth down a slope.
____5. Storm Surge c. It is an intense low-pressure system with a minimum
____6. El Niṅo _ sustained wind is more than 118 kph.
___7. La Niṅa d. Referred to as the warm phase
e. A flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short
period of time, generally less than 6 hours
f. Referred to as the cold phase
g. An overflow of water onto normally dry land.
h. The abnormal rise of sea water due to low pressure and
strong winds brought by tropical cyclones resulting in sea
water moving towards the coastline causing flood in low-lying
areas
According to Republic Act 9514 or also
known as the Fire code of the Philippines of
2008, fire is defined as the active principle of
burning, characterized by the heat and light of
combustion.
 FIRE TETRAHEDRON
For a fire to occur, three
elements/components were identified, and
these are:
• FUEL – something that will burn
• HEAT – enough to make the fuel burn
• OXYGEN – air
However, in the recent years, a
fourth element was added and this
is the CHEMICAL CHAIN
REACTION. It is the feedback of
heat to the fuel to produce the
gaseous fuel used in the flame or
in other words, it is the heat
necessary to maintain the fire.
WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE? •
Electrical short circuits and connections
• LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks
• Unattended cooking
• Lighted cigarette
• Unattended torch and lighted candles
• Lighted matched and lighters
STAGES OF FIRE
• Ignition. Fuel, oxygen, and heat join
together in a sustained chemical
reaction. At this stage, a fire
extinguisher can control the fire.
• Growth. With the initial flame as a
heat source, additional fuel ignites.
Convection and radiation ignite more
surfaces. The size of the fire increases
and the plume reaches the ceiling.
• Fully developed. Fire has spread over
much if not all the available fuel,
temperatures reach their peak, and
resulting in heat damage. Oxygen is
consumed rapidly.
Decay (Burnout). The fire consumes
available fuel, temperatures decrease,
fire gets less intense
HOW FIRE SPREADS

Fire spreads by transferring the heat

energy from the flames in three different
ways.
• Conduction. The passage of heat energy
through or within a material because of direct
contact, such as a burning wastebasket heating a
nearby couch, which ignites and heats the drapes
hanging behind, until they too burst into flames.
• Convection. The flow of fluid or gas
from hot areas to cooler areas. The heated
air is less dense, and rises, while cooler
air descends.
FOUR WAYS TO PUT OUT A FIRE 1.
Cool the burning material
2. Exclude oxygen
3. Remove the fuel
4. Break the chemical reaction
El Soldadito de Plomo
El Soldadito de Plomo
El Soldadito de Plomo
El Soldadito de Plomo
Fire Hazards: What you should watch
out for?
A. Kitchen Area
• Never leave your kitchen while cooking.
• Matches and lighters should be in proper storage
and away from children’s reach.
• Keep your stove clean and grease-free and check
your LPG for leaks with soapy water
• When frying and your pan bursts into flame, DO NOT
douse it with WATER. Put the lid on or get a wet damp
cloth to cover the pan.
• Idle electrical appliances must be unplugged.
• Avoid overloading of outlets and use of worn cords.
• Do not store items above the stove top. •
Keep flammable liquids and other
combustible items away from the stove when
cooking.
• Ensure that your smoke alarms are working
well and replace batteries at least every six
months.
B. Living Rooms and Bathrooms
• Do not use extension cords as permanent
outlets. Make sure that extension cords are
not looped on sharp objects that could cause
it to fray.
• Make sure that curtains are away from
electric fan blades
• Do not leave an electric fan switched on
when it is not rotating. Clean and oil them
regularly.
• Defective appliances must be fixed
immediately. Take extra care when using a
clothes iron or rice cooker. Unplug them
promptly after use.
• Never smoke in bed.
• Put out candle lights before going to
bed.
• Place a lit candle in a holder. If you have
none, place it in the middle of a basin
partly filled with water.
 • Keep your place clean at all times.
Remove dried leaves, cobwebs, loose
paper, and other easy-burning debris.
C. Storage and Garage Areas
• Keep areas clean and tidy with items
properly placed for storage.
• Do not store large quantities of flammable
liquids in the house and basement.
➢ Gas/kerosene
➢ Paints and solvents
➢ Motor lubricants
➢ Floor wax/ liquid polishes
➢ Adhesives (Rugby)
➢ Alcohol products
• Oily rags, newspaper, and other trash must
be disposed of in a sage of waste bag or
container.
• Clean up spilled oil and grease from vehicles
promptly.
• Plug your power tools straight to the
wall socket. Use only heavy-duty
extensions when needed.
• Keep your garage well-ventilated to
avoid build-up of fumes and heat from
tools.
 What’s More
Instructions: Complete the photo below on how to
use a fire extinguisher. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.hat’s More
 Activity 2 – Modified True or False
Instructions: Write TRUE if the statement
is correct and write the correct answer if
the statement is incorrect on a separate
sheet of paper.
____1. Republic Act 9514 is known as the Fire Code
of the Philippines.
____2. Fire is classified according to its heat.
____3. Frying oil and LPG are under Class C.
____4. In the stages of fire, fully developed means
the fire gets less intense.
____5. There are four elements in the fire
tetrahedron.
____6. Electrical short circuits and connections are
the most common causes of fire.
____7. In putting out a fire, always add a fuel.
____8. If you remove any of the fire elements, the
fire would be extinguished. _
___9. When frying and your pan bursts into flame,
douse it with water.
____10. In using a fire extinguisher, the nozzle is
aimed at the top of the fire.
 Assessment Instructions. Read each
sentence carefully and choose the letter of
the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following describes a fire?
a. It is defined as active principle of burning.
b. It is characterized by heat and light combustion.
c. It has four elements which include chemical chain
reaction.
d. All of these.
2. The following are the elements of fire
except _______.
a. Fuel c. Helium
b. Heat d. Oxygen
3. Which of the following is the correct order
of the stages of fire?
a. Ignition-Growth-Fully Developed-Decay b.
Growth-Ignition-Decay-Fully Developed c.
Ignition-Fully Developed-Growth-Burnout
d. Burnout-Fully Developed-Growth-Decay
4. It is referred to as the flow of fluid or
gas from hot areas to cooler areas. a.
Burnout c. Convection
b. Conduction d. Radiation
5. What is the acronym used to easily
remember the usage of fire extinguisher?
a. P-U-S-H c. P-A-S-S
b. P-U-S-S d. P-A-S-T
6. Which of the following could be a way
of spreading fire?
a. Burnout c. Ignition
b. Decay d. Radiation
7. The following are ways of putting out a
fire except _______.
a. Excluding oxygen
b. Cooling the burning material
c. Breaking the chemical reaction
d. Heating the combustible material
8. As a preventive measure of fire, which of the
following you should not do in the living rooms or
bathrooms?
a. Smoke in the couch
b. Put out candle lights before going to bed
c. Make sure that curtains are away from electric fan
blades
d. Take extra care when using a clothes iron or rice
cooker
9. Which of the following is a purpose of a fire alarm?
a. It is used to extinguish a fire.
b. It alarms when you are asleep during a fire.
c. It serves as a guide on where to exit during fire.
d. It alerts you when the fire is still in a controllable
state.
10. When the size of the fire increases
and the plume reaches the ceiling, which
of the following stages of fire?
a. Ignition c. Fully Developed
b. Growth d. Decay
11. Which of the following is known as the Fire
Code of the Philippines?
a. Republic Act 10055
b. Republic Act 9072
c. Republic Act 9514
d. Republic Act 11491 12.
12. Which of the following is not
classified under Class B of fire fuels? a.
Floor wax c. Paints
b. Solvent d. Coffee
13. Jessica would like to have a fire-safety home.
Which of the following should not be a part of the
preventive measures that she must observe?
a. Install a fire alarm
b. Buy a fire extinguisher
c. Familiarize the emergency exit plan through fire drill

d. Create an octopus wiring for all the electronics

charger and appliances
14. Cebu City always experiences big fires and there
are a lot of causes of these fires. Which of the
following is the number one common cause of fire?
a. Lighted cigarette
b Unattended torch and lighted candles
c. Electrical short circuits and connections
d. LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks
15. VGD is a new established business, and the
owner is looking for a type of fire extinguisher
which can extinguish fire caused by wood, paper to
electrical contact. What type of fire extinguisher
should the owner buy?
a. Foam Spray Extinguisher
b. ABC Powder
c. Water Extinguisher
d. Carbon Monoxide Extinguisher
THANK YOU!