Presentation on

PROJECT REPORT

SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF

FOLDABLE BICYCLE
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Team Member:
Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 228118 Adarsh Singh Chauhan(18505)
Mechanical Engineering Department Jay Singh (18525)
Prashant Singh Lodhi(18540)
Guided By Sandeep Prajapati (18544)
Prof. S.P. Kutar Saurav Raj(18549)
 OUTLINE

 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Results and Discussion
 FEA analysis of bicycle frame using Ansys
 Conclusion
 Reference
 INTRODUCTION
Transport has been one of the major issues in developing cities such as Bangalore since commuting from one place to another has
become tedious and expensive. With the petrol and diesel prices increasing day by day, almost all the modes of transport are
becoming expensive. It is difficult to reach the nearest public transport facility and in many cases the destination will be far from the
main roads where the public transport might not be able to reach due to the small roads, to avoid which most people use vehicles of
their own, which in turn leads to issues with parking, traffic, etc. But not all can opt for having own vehicles as it is expensive. With
such issues in health, transport, space for parking, etc. one solution that comes to mind is bicycle. Bicycles are being promoted in the
corporate and educational sectors. But how convenient is it to use a conventional bicycle? In many cases there is no special facility
provided for locking the bicycles and even if one is present, it is probable to theft, which is one of the fears that obstruct use of
bicycle. Conventional bicycles occupy sufficient space and hence providing one at work place or at home are quite difficult. They are
probable to be exposed to the weather outside and do require frequent maintenance. With all such issues in the conventional bicycles,
the next possible solution is the usage of foldable bicycle. With foldable bicycles, there is no issue since the bicycle can be folded and
carried around to the work place or even it can be used to reach the nearest public transport facility and then folded and carried along.
Since the bicycle is being folded, it occupies very less space and doesn’t require any special parking space. They are not exposed to
the weather since they can be carried inside buildings with ease and hence prone to less maintenance. The usage of foldable bicycle
helps combine the different modes of transport as mentioned above, which helps in cutting down some cost involved in travelling.
Foldable bicycles are available in the market, but are expensive since they are being imported. There are very few recognized
foldable bicycle manufactures in India. Hence we ceased the opportunity to provide a low cost, locally manufactured foldable
bicycle..
 Objectives of Foldable-Bicycle:

1. Motions

2. Lateral dynamics

3. Balance

4. Forward speed

5. Center of mass location

6. Wheelbase

7. Steering mechanism mass distribution

 Methodology
In this section here we discuss about the whole construction method of the Foldable
Cycle and the properties related to it.

❖ We make prototype or Software model using the best software which has ease in
handling calculating and simulation. For this purpose we have used AutoCAD for
designing and Ansys for simulation and Analysis.

❖ Now , Firstly we design the main body frame which is responsible for bearing the
load ,material chosen is Aluminium alloy (6061 Al of series 6000) and our main
body is of 2.5 Kg and as our body is foldable hinged function mechanism has to
be created for at the proper location according to the design and the location of
seat ,paddle , handle location is used universally like all the bicycle used and
frame design have been made accordingly.
❖ Now next process is a attaching the front handle along with
tyres in the main design body , the tyres will be brought up from
the supply market and the handles will be self made with
journal bearing attached to the body. The design which is quite
different from other cycles are self made.

❖The main processes used in the manufacturing is Forging welding,

bending and grinding of material for providing it in proper shape.
❖ Finalization has to be done by applying the proper constrain location
of all part , painting and polishing to look attractive and astonished
by the designed and physique of the whole new structural body.

❖ FEA analysis of bicycle frame using Ansys and meshing details:

1. Detail of Mesh:
2. Nodes: 44425
3. Elements: 22649
4. Mesh Size (single unit): 10mm
5. Type of Analysis: Static Structural.
  Foldable System

THINGS WE ARE  Axle Transmission

GOING TO  Slide carrier

INTRODUCE IN THE  Hinge Mechanism

BICYCLE  Easy Carrying
DESIGNS OF FOLDABLE-BICYCLE
DESIGNS OF FOLDABLE-
BICYCLE
Some major effects under consideration:

 Gyroscopic effects

 Self-stability

 Turning
Gyroscopic effects: Self-stability:
The role of the gyroscopic effect in Between the two unstable regimes
mentioned in the previous section,
most bike designs is to help steer the
and influenced by all the factors
front wheel into the direction of a described above that contribute to
lean. This phenomenon is called balance there may be a range of
precession, and the rate at which an forward speeds for a given bike
object processes is inversely design at which these effects steer an
proportional to its rate of spin uncontrolled bike upright.
Turning:

In order for a bike to turn, that

is, change its direction of
forward travel, the front wheel
must aim approximately in the
desired direction, as with any
front-wheel steered vehicle.
Friction between the wheels
and the ground then
generates the centripetal
acceleration necessary to
alter the course from straight
ahead as a combination of
cornering force and camber
thrust.
Results and Discussion
Cost Summary
Application Requirements
As always the major overall bicycle requirements are speed, safety, comfort,
and endurance. The bicycle weight is the key to speed, but the lightweight
need must be balanced by the other factors (safety, comfort, and
endurance). The following table gives a brief outline of the application
requirements.
Material Selection
Given our presented applications, possible materials, and physical principles
we can gather our resulting material selection considering with cost and without
cost. The factor of cost for the materials is difficult to examine due to lack of
presentation in our discussion.

Wheels
Wheels are fundamental to the purpose of the bicycle. A bicycle wheel is made
up of a hub, spokes, a rim, tire, and tube. Each part of the wheel may require
different material properties. Our focus will just consider the materials for the hub,
spokes, and rim
Tires

Tires have a large influence over bike handling, especially on motorcycles, but also on bicycles. Tires influence bike
dynamics in two distinct ways: finite crown radius and force generation.

Frame

According to our requirements of manufacturing bicycle ,the material is selected as -

Material selection is important part of analysis since material decide the strength of frame. High compressive and tensile
strength of frames assured safety of rider and also it increases the life of bicycle frame. Materials used in bicycle frame
has various mechanical properties. Steel, Aluminium, Silicon, Magnesium etc. used as common material in frame
construction. Among all generally aluminium alloy (6061 Al of series 6000) with composition of Si and Mg are most usable
as it has high weldability.
FEA analysis of bicycle frame
using Ansys
1) Horizontal Impact:
Let, horizontally 980N force applied on the handle of bicycle, this condition
is like there is a collision of bicycle from wall owe with any other material and
to pass this test there should no deformation or fracture in frame after
collision.
2) Static Start up:
 700N force applied by rider in paddle in vertically equilibrium state with rear
wheel point straight.
3) Steady state:
Rider with his 700 N weight seated on bicycle applied force of 200 N on pedal
from his leg.
4) Vertical impact:
 Rider with cycle dropped vertically on rigid surface from some specific height exert
force.
 Conclusion:
The design of the foldable bicycle was based on the standard data available. The fabrication was done using
locally available materials. Compared to the foldable bicycles existing in the market, our bicycle is economical and
occupies less space. The weight of our bicycle is with par with light weight bicycles available in the market, though
the material used for fabrication is Aluminium alloy 6061.

The bicycle has adjustable seat and handle positions enabling both children and adults to use the same bicycle.
Though the bicycle is foldable, sleek and having small wheels, complete justice is done to the ergonomics of the
rider hence making it comfortable. The idea of providing a foldable bicycle which is light & sleek yet rigid & safe,
easy to handle and easy to maintain has been met.

 From the results of Finite element analysis, it is clear that the stress induced in bicycle frame is minimal and
factor of safety is greater than the limit. Ultimate strength for the material is also greater than equivalent stress
(Von Mises). Thus, the bicycle frame design is strong. By using Ansys software calculation become fast and
several repetitions of process arrive to best possible result
References:
1) https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F% 2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%
2FShaft-driven_bicycle&
psig=AOvVaw1dhCrajTuzlKlZjZXFR089&ust=162702 0507248000&source=
images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0Q3 YkBahcKEwiwvJPugfbxAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAw

2) https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%

3) https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/letter-e-thunder-bicycle-hidden-logo-162
5186881

4) (PDF) Material, Design & Analysis of a Bicycle Frame | Xubair Wajid - Academia.edu

5) Galvin P and Morkel A. Modularity on industry structure: the case of the world the
effect of product bicycle industry., Ind Innov 2001; 8: 31–47.
1) http://www.ijiere.com/FinalPaper/FinalPaperA%20stu dy%20on%20structural
%20health%20

2) Document ppr 1.docx (D24624120)

3) https://austincourt.theiet.org/engineering-exhibits-ataustin-court/100-ideas/
bicycle/

4) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309300723_
Conceptual_Design_of_Bicycle_Frame

5) http://www.ijaem.com/w_admin/upload/94960-0604

6) Understanding Bicycle Frame Geometry - CyclingAbout

THANK YOU