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 Henry VII Henry VIII
• Henry VIII was born at Greenwich
• Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April
on 28 June 1491, the second son
1509) was King of England and Lord of
Ireland from his seizing the crown on of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
22 August 1485 until his death on 21 He became heir to the throne on
April 1509, as the first monarch of the death of his elder brother,
the House of Tudor.
•
Prince Arthur, in 1502 and
Henry won the throne when his forces
defeated Richard III at the Battle of succeeded in 1509.
Bosworth Field. He was the last king of • He is arguably most famous for
England to win his throne on the field of
battle. Henry cemented his claim by
having six wives namely Catherine
marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Aragon(his brother’s widow),
of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour,
Henry was successful in restoring the Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard
power and stability of the English
monarchy after the political upheavals and Catherine Parr.
of the civil wars known as the Wars of
the Roses. He founded the Tudor
dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24
years, was peacefully succeeded by
his son, Henry VIII.
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
 Catherine of Aragon- The daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and
King Ferdinand II of Aragon, Catherine was three years old when she was
betrothed to Prince Arthur, heir apparent to the English throne. They
married in 1501, but Arthur died five months later. Catherine subsequently
married Arthur's younger brother, the recently succeeded Henry VIII, in
1509. In January 1510 Catherine gave birth to a daughter, but she was
stillborn, marking the start of Catherine’s misfortune. In all she bore Henry
six children, including three sons, but all of them died except for one –
their daughter, Mary (later Mary I), born in 1516.
 Anne Boleyn(c. 1501– 19 May 1536)- Anne was the daughter of Thomas
Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard. On her
return to England in 1522, Anne was appointed as lady-in-waiting to
Henry VIII's wife Catherine of Aragon. Before pursuing Anne, Henry VIII
had already had an affair with her sister, Mary. In January 1533 Henry VIII
and Anne were married in a secret ceremony and Henry broke with the
Catholic Church. He passed the Act of Supremacy, declaring that he was
the head of the English church. In June 1533 Anne was crowned Queen
of England in a lavish ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Henry and Anne's
daughter Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth I) was born in September
1533. Anne was the first English queen to be publicly executed.
 Jane Seymour(c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) was Queen of England from 1536 to
1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII. She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen
consort following the latter's execution for high treason, incest and adultery in May
1536. She died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her
only child, a son who reigned as Edward VI.
 Anne of Cleves(22 September 1515 – 16 July 1557) was Queen of England from
6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. The marriage
was declared never consummated, and she was not crowned queen consort.
Following the annulment of their marriage, Anne was given a generous settlement
by the King, and thereafter referred to as the “King's Beloved Sister”.
 Catherine Howard(c. 1523 – 13 February 1542) - was Queen of England from
1540 until 1541, as the fifth wife of Henry VIII; sometimes known by his reference to
her as his "rose without a thorn". Catherine married Henry VIII on 28 July 1540.
Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, the rumors of her infidelity began. She
was executed on the Tower Green on February 13, 1542
 Catherine Parr(1512– 5 September 1548) - was Queen of England from 1543 until
1547, as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII, whom she married on 12 July
1543. She was the first queen consort of Ireland and the fourth commoner Henry
had taken as his consort, and outlived him. She was also the most-married English
queen, having had four husbands.
 Edward VI Lady Jane Grey
• Henry VIII died in 1547, secure in the knowledge • (1536/1537 – 12 February 1554), also
that he had left behind the male heir to the throne known as Lady Jane Dudley or The Nine
that he had longed for. Unfortunately, the boy was Days' Queen, was an English noblewoman
young, not even 10 years old, when he became and de facto monarch of England from 10
king. His uncle, Edward Seymour became Lord July until 19 July 1553.
Protector, and through Edward, sought to control • The accession of Lady Jane Grey as Queen
England. Seymour's brother, Thomas, was made was engineered by the powerful Duke of
Lord Admiral and was an early influence on the life Northumberland, President of the King's
of the King's sister, the Princess Elizabeth.
Council, in the interests of promoting his
• Protector Somerset was later overthrown by John own dynastic line.
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who then took
control as Edward's chief advisor. • Northumberland persuaded the sickly
• Edward VI to name Lady Jane Grey as his
Protestants in England were happy for the young
king's ascension to the throne, but feared what heir. As one of Henry VIII's great-nieces, the
might happen if the boy died. It was common young girl was a genuine claimant to the
knowledge that Mary, Henry's eldest daughter and throne. Northumberland then married his
heir after Edward (according to Henry VIII's will), own son, Lord Guilford Dudley, to Lady
would return the country to Roman Catholicism. To Jane.
prevent this from happening, several of the nobles • On the death of Edward, Jane assumed the
plotted to bring another woman to the throne in her throne and her claim was recognized by the
place. Some rallied behind the other heir of Henry Council. Despite this, the country rallied to
VIII: Elizabeth. Others looked to the descendants of Mary, Catherine of Aragon's daughter and a
of Henry VIII's sister Mary. The oldest of these
devout Roman Catholic.
descendants was the Lady Jane Grey.
• Jane reigned for only nine days and was
later executed with her husband in 1554
 Mary I Elizabeth I
• (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was Queen
• (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was queen
of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.
regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558
Her executions of Protestants caused her opponents to
until her death. Sometimes called "The Virgin Queen“.
give her the sobriquet "Bloody Mary". Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor
• She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife dynasty.
Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood. Her • Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's
younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in death in November 1558. She was very well-educated
1547. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he (fluent in six languages), and had inherited intelligence,
attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession determination and shrewdness from both parents.
because of religious differences. On his death, their • Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the
most glorious in English history. During it a secure
cousin Lady Jane Grey was at first proclaimed queen.
Church of England was established. Its doctrines were
Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise
successfully deposed Jane, who was ultimately between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
beheaded. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, Elizabeth herself refused to 'make windows into men's
becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his souls ... “there is only one Jesus Christ and all the rest is
accession in 1556. a dispute over trifles”.
• As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, • However, the 'Virgin Queen' was presented as a selfless
woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good
Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman
of the nation, to which she was, in essence, 'married'.
Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her
• Overall, Elizabeth's always shrewd and, when necessary,
half-brother. During her five-year reign, she had over decisive leadership brought successes during a period of
280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the great danger both at home and abroad. She died at
Marian persecutions. Her re-establishment of Roman Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603, having become a
Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by legend in her lifetime. The date of her accession was a
her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I. national holiday for two hundred years.