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    Geotechnical Engineering-Weight Volume Relationships

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    Lovely-Lynn Evangelista

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    Geotechnical Engineering-Weight Volume Relationships

    Uploaded by

    Lovely-Lynn Evangelista
    4 views33 pages

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    Geotechnical Engineering-weight Volume Relationships

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    4 views33 pages

    Geotechnical Engineering-Weight Volume Relationships

    Uploaded by

    Lovely-Lynn Evangelista

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GEOTECHNICAL

    ENGINEERING

    Engr. Ivan Karl B. Camacho


    Weight –
    Volume
    Relationship
    in Soils
    In general, any mass of soil consists of SOLID
    PARTICLES with VOIDS in between.

    Weight – SOIL SOLIDS are small grains of different


    Volume minerals;
    Relationship in
    Soils VOIDS are the spaces or gaps in the soil
    particles that can be filled either by water, air
    or both water and air.
    SOIL SOLIDS

    Weight –
    Volume
    Relationship in
    Soils

    WATER

    AIR
    To develop the weight-
    volume relationships,
    Weight – we must separate the
    Volume three phases (solid,
    Relationship in water, and air) as
    shown in the figure
    Soils (PHASE DIAGRAM).
    The TOTAL VOLUME,
    V of the soil mass
    Weight – consists of:
    Volume Volume of SOIL
    Relationship in SOLIDS, Vs
    Soils Volume of WATER, Vw
    Volume of AIR, Va
    Total Volume, V

    Weight – V = V s + Vw + Va
    Volume From definition:
    Relationship in Volume of Voids, Vv
    Soils
    Vv = V w + V a
    The TOTAL WEIGHT,
    W of the soil mass
    Weight – consists of:
    Volume Weight of SOIL
    Relationship in SOLIDS, Ws
    Soils Weight of WATER, Ww
    Weight of AIR, Wa
    Weight – Weight of Air is
    Volume negligible
    Relationship in W = W s + Ww
    Soils
    There are three volumetric ratios that are
    very useful in geotechnical engineering. Thes
    ratios can be determined directly from the
    phase diagram.
    Weight –
    Volume 1. VOID RATIO, e
    Relationship in 2. POROSITY, n
    Soils 3. DEGREE OF SATURATION, S
    1. VOID RATIO, e

    Void Ratio is defined as the ratio of Volume of


    Weight – Voids and Volume of Solids
    Volume
    Relationship in 𝑽 𝒗
    𝒆=
    Soils 𝑽 𝒔
    2. POROSITY, n

    Porosity is defined as the ratio of Volume of


    Weight – Voids and Total Volume of Soil Sample
    Volume
    Relationship in 𝑽 𝒗
    𝒏=
    Soils 𝑽
    2. POROSITY, n

    Porosity can be computed using the Void


    Weight – Ratio:
    Volume
    Relationship in 𝒏=
    𝒆
    Soils 𝟏 +𝒆
    3. DEGREE OF SATURATION, S

    The degree of Saturation tells us what


    Weight – percentage of the total volume of voids
    Volume contains water.
    Relationship in 𝑽𝒘
    𝑺= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
    Soils 𝑽𝒗

    S = 0% for dry soil


    S = 100% for saturated soil
    In the weight side of phase diagram, there is
    a mass ratio that is the most important thing
    that we need to know about the soil. That is:

    Weight –
    Volume 1. MOISTURE CONTENT, w
    Relationship in
    Soils
    1. MOISTURE CONTENT, w
    Moisture Content or water content is the
    ratio of the mass of water with respect to
    Weight – mass of soil solids.
    Volume
    Relationship in 𝑾𝒘
    𝒘= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
    Soils 𝑾𝒔
    One of the important properties of soil is Unit
    Weight. It is used in many application in
    geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics.
    Unit Weight is defined as:
    Weight –
    Volume
    Relationship in
    Soils 𝑾
    𝜸 =
    𝑽
    W – weight of soil
    V – volume of soil
    There are many types of unit weight of soil
    used in the field based on the weight of soil.
    These are:

    Weight –
    Volume 1. Dry Unit Weight
    Relationship in 2. Moist Unit Weight
    3. Saturated Unit Weight
    Soils
    1. Dry Unit Weight, γdry
    Weight of Dry Soil per unit volume of soil
    𝑾 𝒔
    𝜸 𝒅𝒓𝒚 =
    Weight – 𝑽
    Volume 2. Moist Unit Weight, γmoist
    Relationship in
    Weight of Moist Soil per unit volume of soil
    Soils
    𝑾 𝑾 𝒔 +𝑾 𝒘
    𝜸 𝒎𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒕 = =
    𝑽 𝑽
    3. Saturated Unit Weight, γsat
    Weight of Saturated Soil per unit volume of
    soil 𝑾 𝒔 +𝑾 𝒘
    𝑾
    Weight – 𝜸 𝒔𝒂𝒕 = =
    𝑽 𝑽
    Volume
    Relationship in
    Soils
    Specific Gravity of Soil Solids, Gs
    Another important properties of soil that is
    used in classification and in soil mechanics is
    Weight – the specific gravity of soil solids, Gs.
    Volume 𝜸
    Relationship in 𝑮𝒔=
    𝒔 𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒔
    𝜸 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
    Soils
    Example Problem:

    A sample of wet soil in a drying dish has a


    Weight – mass of 462 g. After drying in an oven at
    Volume 110oC overnight, the sample and dish have a
    mass of 364g. The mass of the dish alone is 39
    Relationship in grams. Total Volume of Soil is 275 cc.
    Soils Determine all weight-volume relationship of
    the soil.

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