Machines and Frames

MACHINES AND FRAMES
• A structure is called a machine or frame if at least one of its

individual member is a multiforce member.
• A multiforce member is one with three or more forces acting
on it or
• A multforce member is one with two or more force with one or
more couple acting on it.
• Frames are structure designed to support loads and
are fixed in position.
• Machines are structure which contains moving part
and are designed to transmit input force or couple to
output force or couple.
• Because machines and frames containing multiforce,
the force in this member in general will no be in the
direction of a member.
Cont..
• The force acting on each member on connected
system are found by isolating the member with a free
body diagram and applying the equation of
equilibrium
• The principle of action and reaction must be carefully
observed when we represent the forces of interaction
on the separate free body diagram
FORCE REPRESENTATION AND FBD
• Represent the forces in their rectangular component
(mostly) so as to simplify the calculation of moment
• Make an arbitrary assignment of the direction of
forces.
Example 1
Example 2
• For the frame shown below, draw the free body
diagram of
a) Each member
b) The pin at B
c) The two member connected together
Example 2
For the frame shown below,

draw the free body diagram
of
a) Each member
b) The pin at B
c) The two member
connected together
Solution
• Part (a)
Cont..
• Part (b)
Cont..
• Part c
Example
Determine the support reactions of the frame shown in the following
figure. Also calculate the force in member GB.
Solution
• Applying equilibrium conditions to the entire frame:

• ΣM about A = 0
• ⇒ RHy × 8 – 80 × 4 – 40 × 15 = 0
• ⇒ RHy = 920/8 = 115 kN Ans.
• ΣFy = 0
• ⇒ 115 – 80 + RAy = 0
• ⇒RAy = −35 kN= 35 kN (↓)Ans.
• ΣFx = 0
• ⇒ 40 + RAx + RHx = 0
• ⇒RAx + RHx= −40
Solution cont..
Applying equilibrium conditions to the free-body
diagram of the portion CDE, as follows:
mΣM about C = 0
−8 × REy + 80 × 4 = 0
⇒REy= 40 kN
Cont…
Applying equilibrium conditions to the free-body
diagram of the portion EGH, as follows:
• ΣM about J = 0
• ⇒−115 × 16 + 40 × 16 − RHx × 15 = 0
• ⇒RHx = −80kN= 80 kN (←)Ans.
• ΣFy = 0
• 115 + 3/8.54 FGB – 40 = 0
• ⇒FGB = 213.6kNAns.
• Substituting the value of RHx in equation:

• RAx + RHx = −40, obtained earlier:
• RAx = −RHx −40 = −(−80) −40 = 40 kN (→) Ans.
Example
• Members ACE and BCD are connected by a pin at C
and by the link DE. For the loading shown,
determine the force in link DE and the components
of the force exerted at C on member BCD
Solution
• Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame

and solve for the support reactions.
• Define a free-body diagram for member BCD. The
force exerted by the link DE has a known line of
action but unknown magnitude. It is determined by
summing moments about C.
• With the force on the link DE known, the sum of
forces in the x and y directions may be used to find
the force components at C.
• With member ACE as a free-body, check the solution
by summing moments about A.
SOLUTION:
•Create a free-body diagram for the
complete frame and solve for the support
reactions.
•Define a free-body diagram for
member BCD. The force exerted by
the link DE has a known line of
action but unknown magnitude. It is
determined by summing moments
about C.
 M C  0  FDE sin  250 mm  300 N 60 mm  480 N 100 mm
FDE  561 N FDE  561 N C
•With member ACE as a free-body,
check the solution by summing
moments about A.
 M A  FDE cos 300 mm  FDE sin  100 mm  C x 220 mm
  561cos 300 mm    561sin  100 mm    795220 mm   0
Example 3
• A constant conveyor belt is maintained by
using the device shown below, draw the free
body diagram of the frame and the cylinder
that the belt surrounds. The suspended block
has the weight W
Solution
QUIZ-2
• Draw the free body diagram of the bucket and
the vertical boom of the backhoe shown on
the photo below. The bucket and its content
have weight W, neglect the weight of the
member
• The idealized model of the assemblage is
shown in this figure below
Example 4
• Determine the magnitude of all pin reactions
for the frame loaded below.
Example 5
• Compute the horizontal and vertical
component of force which the pin at C exert
on member BC of the frame.

Machines and Frames

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MACHINES AND FRAMES

• A structure is called a machine or frame if at least one of its

For the frame shown below,

• Applying equilibrium conditions to the entire frame:

• Substituting the value of RHx in equation:

• Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame

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