3.1 Motion and Uncertainty Powerpoint
3.1 Motion and Uncertainty Powerpoint
3.1 Motion and Uncertainty Powerpoint
A-Level Physics
1. Development of 3.1 Motion and Displacement, velocity and
practical skills in uncertainty acceleration
physics 3.2 Forces Velocity, acceleration and
2. Foundations of displacement graphs
3.3. Work, Energy
Physics and power Uncertainty and error analysis
3. Forces and 3.4. Materials SUVAT
motion Acceleration of free fall
3.5 Newton’s laws
4. Electrons, waves and momentum Stopping distance
and photons
5. Newtonian world Projectiles
and astrophysics
6. Particles and
medical physics
Displacement, velocity and
acceleration
Describe the difference between
distance, displacement, speed and velocity
Acceleration
Acceleration (m/s2) is the rate at which velocity
changes.
Acceleration
Acceleration (m/s2) is the rate at which velocity
changes.
A distance time graph just shows total distance travelled- this value can never decrease
A displacement-time graph shows direction as well, any decreasing value shows the
object travelling in the opposite direction. A negative value shows it’s returned to its start
point (0) and continues travelling backwards
rate of Decelerating
acceleration forwards
1.2m/s
Constant speed,
1.6m/s
Increasing rate
of acceleration
any direction Area =
displacement
Stationary Accelerating
backwards
A speed time graph just shows speed travelled- this value can decrease
A velocity-time graph shows direction as well, any negative value shows the object
travelling in the opposite direction (as it is shown by a negative gradient on a
displacement- time graph).
Measurement errors- difference between measured and true Absolute and percentage uncertainties in single measurements The absolute uncertainty in multiple measurements is half the
value range
The absolute uncertainty in a measurement is based on the resolution
of the measuring equipment E.g. Bob measures the length of a piece of string and obtains 3
measurements of 33.4 cm, 33. 6 cm and 33.5 cm.
e.g. the measuring cylinder has a resolution of 1 ml, every
measurement will have an absolute uncertainty of ±0.5 ml The mean of these measurements is 33.5 cm
If we measure out 10 ml of liquid the percentage The range of these measurements is 0.2 cm, so the absolute
Systematic error Random error uncertainty in the mean is expressed as: 33.5 ± 0.1 cm
uncertainty is: (0.5/10) x 100 = 5%
Causes readings to differ from the Causes reading to be spread The percentage uncertainty is the absolute uncertainty as a
If we measure out 100 ml of liquid the percentage
true value by a consistent amount about the true value. Present percentage of the mean: e.g. (0.1/33.5) x 100 = 0.3%
uncertainty is: (0.5/100) x 100 = 0.5%
each time due to methods/ when any measurement is
instruments used. Can’t be dealt made, and can be reduced by
with by repeats taking more repeats Uncertainties on graphs
The percentage uncertainty depends on the measurement Error bars show the absolute uncertainty of measurements.
s = displacement (m)
u = initial velocity (ms-1)
v = final velocity (ms-1)
a = acceleration (ms-2)
t = time (s)
Learning Outcome: Derive the SUVAT equations
1.2m/s
1.6m/s
Learning Outcome: Practise using SUVAT equations
s=5m
u = 0.5 ms-1
v = 1 ms-1
a=x
t= ?
s=5m
u = 10 ms-1
v = 5 ms-1
a=x
t= ?
s=?
u = 0.6 ms-1
v = 1.8 ms-1
a = 0.4 ms-2
t= x
Thinking Braking
Distance Distance
Speed Car
Distractions
condition
Learning Outcome: Calculate thinking distance
Calculating thinking distance
During the time taken for a driver to react to a hazard we assume the
speed is constant
10
Area under graph =
0.5 x base x height =
0.5 x 20 x 10 =
100 m
20
Learning Outcome: Calculate braking distance
v2=u2+2as s =(v2-u2)/2a
8 ms-1 8 ms-1
8 ms-1
0 ms-1 8 ms-1
9.81 ms-1
8 ms-1
19.62 ms-1
Horizontal: Vertical:
s = sh s = sv
u = uh u=0
v = uh v = vv
a=0 a = 9.81
t=t t=t
Learning Outcome: Solve problems involving horizontal projectiles using SUVAT
A Nerf gun is fired at 8 ms-1 from a height of 5 m, how long
does it take to hit the floor
8 ms-1
-1
ms
u
θ
u cos θ
-1
ms
u
θ
u cos θ
6.13 ms-1
5.14 ms-1
-1
s 6.13 ms-1
-14.48 ms-1
8 m
-34.1 ms-1
θ
6.13 ms-1
-1
ms
u
θ
u cos θ
Horizontal Vertical(up) Vertical(down)
S = sh s = sv s= sv
u = u cos θ u = u sin θ u=0
v = u cos θ v=0 v = u sin θ
a=0 a = -9.81 a = 9.81
t=t t = 0.5t t= 0.5t
Learning Outcome: Solve problems involving angled projectiles using SUVAT
-1 Vertical (up)
8 ms s = sv
Θ=40 u = 8 cos 40 = 5.14
v=0
u cos θ a = -9.81
t= x
v2= u2 + 2as
0 = 5.142 + (2 x -9.81 x s)
19.62s = 26.42
1.35 m
Learning Outcome: Solve problems involving angled projectiles using SUVAT
b) How long would the bullet take to hit
the ground
Vertical (up)
u sin θ
-1
m s s = 1.35
8 u = 5.14
Θ=40
v=0
u cos θ a = -9.81
t= x
v = u + at
0 = 5.14 + -9.81t
9.81t = 5.14
t_top = 0.52 s
t_total = 1.04 s
Learning Outcome: Solve problems involving angled projectiles using SUVAT
-1
8 ms Horizontal
Θ=40 s=s
u = 8 sin 40 = 6.13
u cos θ v = 6.13
a=0
t= 1.04
s = ½ (u + v)t
s = 0.5 (6.13+6.13)1.04
s = 6.38 m