Euclidean Geometry CAPS

1
 Adjacent supplementary angles = 180º
Supplementary Angles
 Adjacent Complementary angles = 90º
Complementary Angles
2
 Angles round a point = 360◦
- E.g. a + b + c = 360◦
 Vertically opposite angles are =
Spot the Vertically Opp

osite Angles
3
 Corresponding angles are =
E.g. If AB//CD, then x is =
Spot the Corresponding

Angles
 Alternate angles are =

E.g. If AB//CD, then x is =
4
 Co-interior angles add up to 180◦
E.g. If AB//CD, then x + y = 180◦
Parallel Lines and Angles
 Polygons:
Investigating Angles in a Polygon
5
 The sum of the interior angles of a polygon of n
sides is = 180◦(n-2)
E.g. Sum of interior angles = 180 0 (6  2)  720 0
Measuring Internal Angl

es of Polygons
 The sum of the exterior angles of a convex

polygon = 360◦
E.g. To solve for the value of x:
x  x  x  x  x  x  3600
6 x  3600
x  600
Exterior Angles of Polygons

Finding Angles Problems
6
Solve for the unknowns:
7
Types of Triangles
1. Scalene Triangle
No sides are equal in length.
2. Isosceles Triangle
Two sides are equal.
Base angles are equal.
3. Equilateral Triangle
All three sides are equal.
All three interior angles are equal
4. Right-angled triangle
One interior angle is 90 degrees
Equilateral Triangle Pattern

8
Sum of the angles of Exterior angles of
a triangle a triangle
a triangle
a  b  c  180 0 c  ab
Proving the Sum of th Proving the Exteri
e Angles of a Triangl or Angles of a Tria
e ngle
Finding Angles in Triangles 9

2
AC 2
 AB 2
 BC
AB 2  AC 2  BC 2 Model for the Theorem of P
ythagoras
BC 2  AC 2  AB 2
Application of the Model of
the Theorem of Pythagoras
Calculating the Shortest Dist

ance between Two Points
Pythagoras Tree
10
Calculate the length of:
(a) AC
(b) XY
11
Condition 1:
All three sides of are triangle are equal in length
Congruent Triangles (side, side, sid 12

Condition 2:
Two sides and an included angle are equal
Congruent Triangles (Side, Angle, Side)

13
Condition 3:
Two angles and a side are equal
14
Condition 4
Two sides are equal (i.e. the hypotenuse and
another side) and there are 90◦ angles
Congruent Shapes
15
Finding Congruent Triangles
Working with Congruent Triangles
16
Identify Congruent Shapes
Prove that ABC  ADC using two different
conditions of congruency.
Angle Bisectors 17
If two triangles are similar (equiangular), then
their corresponding sides are in the same
proportion. AB BC AC
 
If  ABC /// DEF ,then DE EF DF
Similar Shapes 18
Concept of Similar Triangles
Basic Similar Triangle Example
Working with Similar Triangles

Part 1
Working with Similar Triangles

Part 2
19
The line joining the
midpoints of the 2 sides
is:
parallelto the “base” of
the triangle
Equal to half the length
of the “base” of the
triangle
20
1. If AB = 12 units, what
is the length of DE?
DE is ½ length of AB
(midpoint theorem)
DE = ½ x 12 = 6 units
2. If DE = 12 units, what
is the length of AB?
AB is twice the length of DB
(midpoint theorem)
AB = 2 x 12 = 24 units
Similar, Congruent or Neither?

21
1. Are the following pairs of triangles similar?
Justify your answer by means of calculations.
22
2. The two triangles below are similar.
Calculate the values of x and y.
23
3. Given AP = 3 units and PQ = 4 units, answer the following questions and give reasons for your answers:
a) Determine the length

of PB.
b) Determine the length
of BC.
c) List the angles that are
equal to each other.
d) What can you state
about AQ and QC?
24
4. Consider the given figure where triangle ALP
is similar to triangle ADC. State properties of
the sides and angles in the diagram below.
Give reasons for your answer.
25
Trapezium:
A trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair of
opposite sides parallel.
Different Trapezia 26
Parallelogram
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both
pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Parallelograms in Go-Karts
27
Rectangle
A rectangle is a parallelogram with all interior
angles equal to 90°.
28
Rhombus
A rhombus is a parallelogram with equal sides
29
Square
A square is a rectangle with equal sides.
30
Kite
A kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent
sides equal in length and opposite sides not equal
in length.
Relationship
between Shapes
Create Venn Diagrams

with Shapes
Quadrilateral Quest
Describing a
Geometric Shape
31
1. ABCD is a parallelogram.
(a) Prove that ABD  CDB
(b) Show that A  C
(c) Show that B  D
32
2. ABCD is a kite with BE = ED
(a) Why is B  D1
(b) Why is B2  D2 ?
(c) Prove that ABE  ADE
(d) Prove that E1  E2  900
33
3. Prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.
34
4. Prove that ABCD is a rectangle.
35
5. Prove that ABCD is a trapezium.
36

Euclidean Geometry CAPS

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1

 Adjacent supplementary angles = 180º

 Adjacent Complementary angles = 90º

 Vertically opposite angles are =

Spot the Vertically Opp

Spot the Corresponding

 Alternate angles are =

Parallel Lines and Angles

Investigating Angles in a Polygon

Measuring Internal Angl

 The sum of the exterior angles of a convex

Exterior Angles of Polygons

Equilateral Triangle Pattern

Finding Angles in Triangles 9

Calculating the Shortest Dist

Congruent Triangles (side, side, sid 12

Congruent Triangles (Side, Angle, Side)

Working with Congruent Triangles

Basic Similar Triangle Example

Working with Similar Triangles

Working with Similar Triangles

Similar, Congruent or Neither?

a) Determine the length

Create Venn Diagrams

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