Lec (5) - Vibrio - & - Aeromonas

Omdurman Islamic University
Faculty of Medical Laboratory

sciences
Systematic Bacteriology
Lec. (5)
Family: Vibrionaceae
 Family Vibrionaceae contain several genera that
include: Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas.
*Description:
 They are gram negative coma or curved in shape.
 Motile by polar flagella (single at one end)
 Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water
(used in differentiation)
 Non capsulated and non spore forming bacteria.
 Aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Oxidase and
Catalase positive.
Found in fresh water, shellfish and other sea
food
Man is the major reservoir of V. cholerae-01,
which causes epidemic cholera.
Readily killed by heat and drying.
Route of infection is fecal-oral route
Transmission can also occur by ingesting
contaminated food, e.g. uncooked shellfish and
other seafood
 have O antigen (useful in classification) and H
antigen Little value in identification
*Description:
Utilize CHO by fermentation and produce acid
without gas.
Several species are found in marine environment.
Campylobacter differ from Vibrio in their
requirement to oxygen and their DNA sequence.
Have pili for attachment to mucosal membrane
and produce enterotoxin.
Have ability to grow in alkaline media (PH 8.4)
eg alkaline peptone water and TCBS media.
Classification:
1-Vibrio cholerae cause a disease known as
cholera which is endemic in about 80 countries.
Two serogroups are caused endemic cholera that
include.
Vibrio cholerae O1 that contain two biotypes and
three serotypes
EL tor (which is responsible for most endemic
cholera (V.P positive ) HA +ve
Classical ( V.P negative) HA -ve
 Serotypes include: Inaba, Agawa and Hikojima.
Vibrio cholerae O139
2- Vibrio haemolyticus:
Is a marine organism (halophilic) transmitted by
seafood specially shellfish. Cause mild to severe
watery diarrhea.
• 3- Vibrio vulnificus:
found in warm salt water, it cause severe wound and
soft tissues infections with necrosis following injuries
at sea.
• 4- Vibrio fluvialis:
It cause gastroenteritis in Asia and middle East. It
ferments arabinose
Pathogenicity and Clinical features:
Vibrio choleraeO1 and O139 cause secretary non
inflammatory diarrheal disease.
Colonization by large number is required (HCL sensitive)
The organism produces a powerful enterotoxin which
compromises two subunits A and B.
The B subunit binds to receptors on the intestinal cell,
enabling the A subunit to enter the cells. Inside the cells
the A subunit activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase
which increases the level of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) in the cells. This results in the
secretion of large volumes of fluid and electrolytes
watery diarrhoea (‘rice water’ stools).
Diagnosis
 Specimens (depending on the site of infection) include: stool
(rice watery diarrhea)
 Microscopy: They are gram negative coma or curved in shape.
Motile by polar flagella (single at one end)
 We can use alkaline peptone water as selective and transport
media in primary isolation the organism grows rapidly with in
4 – 6 hours .
 Culture: Vibrio choleraeO1 are aerobic and facultative
anaerobic bacteria optimum temperature for growth is 35-
37◦C and pH range from (8,2 – 8,4)
 On blood agar produce large, raised spreading colonies, often
beta haemolytic.
 TCBS: used as selective media, it produces yellow colonies due
to fermentation of sucrose sugar.
 On KIA slope butt gas H2S
 R Y - -
Biochemical Test
 Primary test:
 Catalase + ve
 Oxidase + ve
 Motility + ve
 Production of acid and gas: acid but not gas
 O –F test Fermentative
 Secondary test:
 Indole test + ve
 Citrate utilization test d
 MR test - ve
 V – p test d
 H S test - ve
2
 Urease - ve
 Rapid dipstick test to detect V. cholerae 01 and 0139 in
faecal specimens An easy to perform low cost
immunochromatographic dipstick (strip test)
 Treatment: Sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol.
Fluid and electrolyte replacement are the first line of
management for cholera.
Aeromonas species
Aeromonas species can be found in water and soil.
Most are non-pathogenic or of low pathogenicity.
A. hydrophila, however, has been reported as causing
septicemia, cellulitis, meningitis, wound infections,
and acute diarrhoeal disease resembling cholera.
Aeromonas species are Gram negative motile rods. A.
hydrophila produces small beta-haemolytic colonies
on blood agar.
It will grow on MacConkey agar and sometimes on
TCBS, producing yellow colonies.
Like Vibrio species, Aeromonas species are oxidase
positive.
useful simple test to differentiate Aeromonas
species from Vibrio species is the ability of
Aeromonas species to remain motile in distilled
water (vibrios are immobilized).
Distilled water motility test to differentiate
Vibrio and Aeromonas
Aeromonas are arabinose +ve while V.
Cholerae -ve

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Omdurman Islamic University

Faculty of Medical Laboratory

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