Fibre To Fabric

Fibre to Fabric
APS ACADEMY
Topics to Study
1. Variety in fabrics
2. Fibres
3. Some plant fibres
4. Spinning cotton yarn
5. History of clothing material

What is Fabric?
 Fabric means cloth.
 Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further

made up of fibres.
 We use various types of fabrics for making our clothes.
 Our school uniform, shirts, pants, sarees, shawls,

towels etc. are all made from different kinds of fabrics.
 Even school bags and gunny bags are made from a
type of fabric.
Variety in fabrics
 Various types of fabrics are used by us:
1. Woollen
2. Cotton
3. Silk
4. Synthetic
Cotton fabrics are worn during summers and woollen are worn
in winters. Silk and synthetic fabrics are most comfortable
when the weather is neither very hot nor very cold.
Yarn
 Yarn is a spun thread which is used for weaving (or
knitting) fabrics. Cotton yarn
 Yarn is a long thread which

is used for making fabrics.
Polyester yarn
Checking that a Fabric is
made of yarns put together
 Select a cotton fabric and find a loose yarn (or thread)
at one of the edges and pull it out.
 If no loose yarns are visible,
we can pull out the yarn from
the fabric with the help of a
pin or needle.
 We can go on pulling more and
more yarns from the fabric.
 This shows that cotton fabric is made of yarns.
Fibres
 You might have observed that when you try to thread
a needle, it may be difficult.
 Many a time, the end of the thread is separated into a
few thin strands. This makes it difficult to pass the
thread through the eye of the needle.
 The thin strands of thread that we see, are made up of
still thinner strands called fibres.
 Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further
made up of fibres.
Fibre  Yarn  Fabric
 Difference between fibre
and fabric:
 Fibre is the material or
the ingredient that goes
into making fabric.
e.g., cotton fibre is used to

make cotton fabric.
 Fabric is the finished
product.
Fibre  Yarn  Fabric
Types of Fibres
1. Natural fibres: the fibres of some fabrics such as cotton,
jute, silk and wool are obtained from plants and
animals.
They are called natural fibres.
Cotton and jute fibres are obtained from plants. Wool and
silk fibres are obtained from animals. Wool is obtained
from fleece of sheep or goat.
It is also obtained from the hair of rabbits, yak and camels.
Silk fibre is drawn from cocoon of silkworm.

Natural Fibres
 Jute fibre silk fibre
Types of Fibres
2. Synthetic fibres: for thousands of years, natural fibres
were the only ones available for making fabrics.
In the last hundred years or so, fibres are also made from
chemical substances, which are not obtained from plant
or animal sources.
These are called synthetic fibres.
Some examples of synthetic fibres are polyester, nylon

and acrylic.
Some Plant Fibres
 Fibres like cotton, flax, jute, hemp are obtained from
plants, so they are called plant fibres.
Cotton
 It is the most widely used natural fibre. Cotton fibre is also
known as cotton wool.
 Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of cotton
plant (cotton bolls) or cotton fruits. It is grown in the field.
 Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil
and warm climate.
 In India, cotton is mainly cultivated in Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab,
Rajasthan.
Cotton
 Cotton bolls are about the size of a lemon.
 After maturing, the bolls burst open and the seeds

covered with cotton fibres can be seen.
 It looks like a field covered with snow. From these bolls,
cotton is usually picked by hand.
 Fibres are separated from the seeds by combing. This
process is called ginning of cotton.
 Ginning was traditionally done by hands, now it is done
Cotton
 Field of cotton plants ginning of cotton
Jute
 It is obtained from the stem of jute plant, often called
patson.
 It is cultivated during rainy season. It is mainly grown
in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
 The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at
flowering stage.
 The stems of the harvested plants are immersed in
water for 20-25 days. The stems rot and fibres are
separated by hands.
Jute
 The process of stem rot for the separation of fibres from
stems is known as retting.
 To make fabrics, all these fibres are converted into yarns.
 In the form of textiles, jute is used for making gunny

bags or sacks and for wrapping packages and some fine
jute fibres are used to make fabric for clothes.
Retting
 Stems of harvested plants are immersed in water for 20-25 days.
 Jute fibres then become loose and can be easily separated from
the stem.
Cotton Fibre to Cotton Yarn
 Cotton fibres in the field do not have length or strength
to be used for making cotton shirts/pants/towels etc.
Cotton yarn
Converted to yarn
By spinning
Cotton fibre in the field

Cotton Fibre to Cotton Yarn by
Spinning
A
Remove the seeds
Cotton Yarn to Cotton Fabric
Spinning Cotton Yarn
 The process of making yarn from fibres is called
spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton
wool are drawn out and twisted.
 By this, fibres come together to form a yarn.
 A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle,

also called takli. Another hand operated device used
for spinning is charkha.
Spinning Cotton Yarn
 Use of charkha was popularized by Mahatma
Gandhi as a part of independence movement.
 He encouraged people to wear clothes made of
homespun yarn and shun imported cloth made in
the mills of Britain.
 Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the
help of spinning machines.
 After spinning, yarns are used for making fabrics.
Charkha
Yarn to Fabric
 Yarn is commonly known as thread.
 They are formed by twisting the fibres or number of

fibres and number of yarns make a fabric.
 There are many ways by which fabrics are made from
yarns.
 Weaving and knitting are the two processes which are
used for making different kinds of fabric.
 These fabrics are used for a variety of clothing items.
Weaving
 The process of arranging two sets of yarns together
to make a fabric is called weaving.
 The two sets of yarns arranged at right angles to one
another are woven to make a fabric.
 The yarns are much thinner than our paper strips.
The weaving of yarn to make fabrics is done by
using looms.
Weaving by Handloom
Weaving by Powerloom
Types of Looms
 There are two types of looms:
1. Handloom: operated by hand
2. Powerloom: works on electric power

Knitting
 The process of making a fabric by interlocking loops
of single yarn with knitting needles or machines is
called knitting.
 A single yarn gets pulled out continuously as the
fabric gets unravelled.
 Socks and many other clothing items are made up of
knitted fabrics.
 Knitting is done by hand and also on machines.
Weaving and Knitting
Weaving Knitting
History of Clothing Material
 In ancient era, people did not wear clothes. They
covered their bodies with large size of leaves or
animal skins.
 After the development of agricultural communities,
they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats,
baskets etc.
 After that very thin stems of climbing plants and
animal’s hair such as sheep’s wool were twisted
together to form long strands.
 These strands were then woven into fabrics.
 The early Indians wore fabrics made out of cotton that

grew in the regions near the river Ganga.
 Flax is also a plant that gives natural fibres.
 In ancient Egypt, cotton as well as flax were cultivated

near the river Nile and were used for making fabrics.
 After invention of sewing needle, people started
stitching fabrics to make clothes.
 Unstitched clothes such as saree, dhoti, shawl etc.
continue to be used even today.

Fibre To Fabric

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fibre To Fabric

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fibre To Fabric

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fibre to Fabric

3. Some plant fibres

4. Spinning cotton yarn

5. History of clothing material

 Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further

 Our school uniform, shirts, pants, sarees, shawls,

 Yarn is a long thread which

e.g., cotton fibre is used to

They are called natural fibres.

It is also obtained from the hair of rabbits, yak and camels.

Silk fibre is drawn from cocoon of silkworm.

These are called synthetic fibres.

Some examples of synthetic fibres are polyester, nylon

 After maturing, the bolls burst open and the seeds

 In the form of textiles, jute is used for making gunny

Cotton fibre in the field

 A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle,

 They are formed by twisting the fibres or number of

1. Handloom: operated by hand

2. Powerloom: works on electric power

 The early Indians wore fabrics made out of cotton that

 In ancient Egypt, cotton as well as flax were cultivated

You might also like