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    Circles II

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    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    The document discusses properties and concepts related to circles, including: the power of a point; points lying inside, outside, or on a circle; maximum and minimum distances from a point to a circle; tangents; secants; examples involving finding equations and properties of circles, lines, and their intersections.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Circles II

    Uploaded by

    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    11 views18 pages
    The document discusses properties and concepts related to circles, including: the power of a point; points lying inside, outside, or on a circle; maximum and minimum distances from a point to a circle; tangents; secants; examples involving finding equations and properties of circles, lines, and their intersections.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses properties and concepts related to circles, including: the power of a point; points lying inside, outside, or on a circle; maximum and minimum distances from a point to a circle; tangents; secants; examples involving finding equations and properties of circles, lines, and their intersections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views18 pages

    Circles II

    Uploaded by

    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    The document discusses properties and concepts related to circles, including: the power of a point; points lying inside, outside, or on a circle; maximum and minimum distances from a point to a circle; tangents; secants; examples involving finding equations and properties of circles, lines, and their intersections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    Circles

    Power of a Point
     If points x3, x2, x1 lie outside, on, inside the circle then:

    S3 > 0

    S2 = 0

    S1 < 0

    S1, S2, S3 are the equations of the circle (also power of the
    point) formed by keeping the coordinates of x1, x2, x3
    Point Outside the Circle
     (xo, yo) is a point outside the circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0

    (xo+g)2+(yo+f)2 > g2+f2–c (radius2)

     So > 0

    Similarly, for a point inside,

    Si < 0
    Maximum and Minimum
    Distance of a Point
     For a point A lying outside the circle, centered at O

    Maximum Distance = AD = AO+r

    Minimum Distance = AC = AO–r


    Example
     Do the circles with equations:

    (x+3)2+(y–2)2 = 10 and (x–6)2+(y+1)2 = 40 touch?

    The centers are O1(–3,+2) and O2(6,–1)

     O1O2 = √90 = 3√10

    Radii of circles = √10 and 2√10

    Since O1O2 = r1 + r2 = 3√10

    These circles touch externally


    Example
     A line AB is joined by joining the points A(a,b) and B(c,d).
    The ∠ACB is obtuse, and the coordinates of C are (e,f)

    Prove that: (e–a)(e–c) + (f–b)(f–c) < 0

    A circle with AB diameter is:

    (x–a)(x–c)+(y–b)(y–d) = 0

    Point D satisfies this condition


    Example contd.
     For point D: (x–a)(x–c)+(y–b)(y–d) = 0

    However, power of point for C < 0

     (e–a)(e–c) + (f–b)(f–c) < 0


    Example
     Find the minimum and maximum distance between two
    points one lying on the circle x2+y2 = 144 and other lying on
    (x–15)2+(y–20)2 = 1

    The minimum distance is AB

    AB = O1O2 – r1 – r2 = 25 – 12 – 1 = 12

    Max distance is O1O2 produced

    = O1O2 + r1 + r2 = 25 + 12 + 1 = 38
    Line and a Circle
     If L = 0 is a line and S = 0 is a circle, with center ‘r’, and ‘p’
    is the length of the perpendicular from the center to line,
    then:
     If p > r, line does not touch the circle

     If p = r, line is a tangent

     If p < r, line is a secant

     If p = r, line is a diameter
    Example
     If ∆PQR is inscribed in circle x2+y2 = 25, Q and R have
    coordinates (3,4) and (–4,3) respectively, then ∠QPR is?

    O(0,0) is the center of the circles

    The slope of OQ = 4/3, and OR = –3/4

     mOQmOR = –1

     ∠QOR = 90˚

     ∠QPR = 45˚
    Example
     Solve for m if the line 3x–my+6 = 0 is tangent to the circle
    x2+y2–4x+6y–3 = 0

    If this line is tangent, we put y = (3x–6)/m in the circle

     x2 + [(3x–6)2/m2] – 4x + 6[(3x–6)/m] – 3 = 0

     x2(m2+9) + x(18m–36–4m2) + (36–36m–3m2) = 0

    Put, Discriminant = 0 for this equation and solve


    Example
     Find the equation of tangent to the circle x2+y2 = 9 which
    is parallel to the line 3x+4y+5 = 0

    Let the equation of tangent be 3x+4y+µ = 0

     Distance from center of the circle (0,0) to line = radius

     Perpendicular Distance = |µ|/5 = 3

     µ = ±15
    Line and Circle
     We have to find the length of intercept cut by a circle
    on a line
     We drop OP⊥AB

     AB = 2AP

     AP = √(r2–p2)

     AB = 2√(r2–p2)
    Example
     Find the length of the chord made by the line 4x–3y–10 = 0
    on the circle x2+y2–2x+4y–20 = 0

    The length of chord is 2√(r2–p2)

    r = √25 = 5

    p=0

     Length of chord = 10
    Parametric Equation of a Circle
     A point on the circle can be represented by (r,θ):

    x = x1 + rcosθ

    y = y1 + rsinθ

    We can find x and y by trigonometry

    Notice: rcosθ = (x–x1) and rsinθ=(y–y1)

     r2 = (x–x1)2 + (y–y1)2 [Square and add]


    Example
     Convert x2+y2+4x–8y+4 = 0 into parametric form

    The center of the circle is (–2,+4)

    Radius = √(22+42–4)= 4

     Parametric form is:

    x = –2+4cosθ and y = 4+4sinθ


    Example
     If x2+y2+4x–8y+4 = 0, find the maximum value of 2x+3y

    We have seen that the parametric form is:

    x = –2+4cosθ and y = 4+4sinθ

     2x + 3y = 2(–2+4cosθ) + 3(4+4sinθ)

    = 8 + 8cosθ + 12sinθ

    = 8 +√208
    1
    Tangent (x1,y1) O
    (0,0)
    A
    r P(x1,y1)
    y = 3x/4 –3
    O (–g,–f)
    Normal A
    P
    r
    p
    B
    B
    O

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