ABOUT THE COMPANY

 Founding and Headquarters: Cisco was founded

in 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner,
with its headquarters located in San Jose,
California.
 Core Business: Specializes in networking
hardware, software, telecommunications
equipment, and other high-technology services
and products.
 Innovations: Known for pioneering the development of IP-based networking
technologies.
 Product Range: Offers a broad range of products including routers, switches,
cybersecurity solutions, and collaboration tools like Webex.
 CONENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 TASK PERFORMED
 OUTCOMES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION TO IOT
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the inter-
networking of physical devices embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network
connectivity, enabling these objects to collect and
exchange data.
Overview of IoT:
 Interconnectivity: IoT devices communicate with
each other and external environments.
 Data Collection and Analysis: Gathers vast amounts of data for analysis, leading to
insights and improved decision-making.
 Applications: Found in various domains like smart homes, smart cities, healthcare,
transportation, and industrial automation
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

 IOT CATEGORIES
 BASELINE TECHNOLOGIES
 ARDUINO
 COMPONENTS OF IOT
 IOT NETWORKS
 FUTURE TRENDS IN IOT
IOT CATEGORIES
 BASELINE
TECHNOLOGIES OF IOT
Machine-to-Machine (M2M):
Device-to-device communication: Enables remote monitoring, control, and data
exchange between devices. Specialized protocols: Uses protocols like ZigBee, Bluetooth
for efficient communication within a local M2M network.
Cyber-physical Systems (CPS):
Combines computational elements with physical processes for real-time control and
monitoring. Complexity: Involves complex, real-time systems with precise coordination.
Applications: Used in critical areas like industrial automation, robotics, and smart grids.
Web Of Things (Wot):
Integration: Uses standard web technologies (e.g., HTTP, REST) to connect and interact
with IoT devices. Emphasizes ease of use and interoperability via web protocols.
Applications: Ideal for smart homes, consumer electronics, and web-based monitoring
systems.
 ARDUINO
Arduino: An open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software.
Purpose: Designed to make electronics accessible for all, enabling users to
create interactive projects.
Key Components:
 Microcontroller  Power Jack
 Digital I/O Pins  LED Indicators
 Analog Input Pins  Crystal Oscillator
 Power Pins  Voltage Regulator
 Reset Button
 USB Interface
 ARDUINO

How It Works:
• Step 1: Connect components (sensors, actuators, input/output
devices) to the Arduino board.
• Step 2: Write code in the Arduino IDE using the Arduino
programming language.
• Step 3: Upload the code to the Arduino board via USB.
• Step 4: The microcontroller executes the code, interacting with
connected components.
• Step 5: Required output is generated.
Components of IoT
 Components of IoT
• Sensors are devices that detect and measure physical properties from the
environment and convert them into signals that can be read by other devices or
systems. They are crucial in IoT for collecting data from the physical world,
enabling devices to make informed decisions and actions based on this data
Different types of sensors
 Components of IoT
 Connectivity:
•Infrastructure enabling devices to communicate with each other and the
internet.
•Types: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, cellular (3G, 4G, 5G).
•Role: Facilitates data transmission and remote control.
•Considerations: Bandwidth, latency, security, and coverage challenges.
 Components of IoT
 Data Processing:
•Definition: Analyzing and interpreting data collected from sensors.
•Functions: Filtering, aggregating, and analyzing data to derive insights.
•Technologies: Edge computing, cloud computing, and machine learning.
•Importance: Enables real-time decision-making and predictive analytics.
 User Interface:
•Definition: How users interact with IoT systems and devices.
•Types: Mobile apps, web portals, voice assistants.
•Importance: Enhances user experience and accessibility of IoT
applications.
 IoT Networks

IoT networks facilitate communication between devices and systems, crucial for
data exchange and control in IoT ecosystems.
 Types of IoT Networks:
•Wireless Networks: Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee. They offer
flexibility and low power consumption but may have range limitations.
•Cellular Networks: Such as 3G, 4G, 5G, provide wide coverage and high
bandwidth, suitable for applications requiring reliability and scalability.
•LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network): Like LoRaWAN, Sigfox, offer
long-range connectivity with low power consumption, ideal for applications
needing extended coverage with minimal data rates.
 Future Trends in IoT
Emerging Technologies:
•5G Technology: Enables high-speed data transfer and low latency, supporting applications
like autonomous vehicles and smart cities.
•AI and Machine Learning: Enhances IoT with predictive analytics and adaptive learning
for improved efficiency and decision-making.
•Edge Computing: Reduces latency by processing data closer to the source, enhancing
real-time responsiveness.
Potential Applications:
•Smart Cities: IoT enables efficient management of resources and infrastructure through
data-driven insights.
•Healthcare: Facilitates remote patient monitoring and personalized treatment plans,
improving healthcare delivery.
 TASK PERFORMED
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 AIM: The soil moisture sensor module is there to convert the incoming analog signal to
digital signal; this is designed in such a way that the sensor can be used without
microcontroller support. The module consists of two signal input pins where the probe
gets connected
 PROCEDURE:
 Make the connections as per the circuit diagram and upload the code to Arduino(Tinkercad).
 Place the soil moisture probe in a “dry” pot and check for readings. In my case, it was
around 13%.
 Similarly, place the probe in other pots (after properly cleaning the probe) and check for
readings.
 You can adjust the sensitivity of the sensor with the help of the potentiometer on the board
of the sensor.
 TASK PERFORMED

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
 Arduino UNO
 Soil Moisture Sensor Module
 16×2 LCD Display
 10KΩ Potentiometer (for
LCD)
 Breadboard
 Connecting wires
 Power Supply
 Test setup with 3 cups of soil
TASK PERFORMED

RESULT:
The output of the soil moisture sensor
changes in the range of ADC value from 0
to 1023. This can be represented as
moisture value in terms of percentage using
formula given below. For zero moisture,
we get maximum value of 10-bit ADC, i.e.
1023. This, in turn, gives 0% moisture.
 OUTCOMES

 Learnt how to use Tinkercad software

 Learnt about basic components of IOT
 Learnt about Service Oriented Architecture of IOT
 Learnt about IOT networks
 Learnt how to build Soil moisture sensor in
Tinkercad software
 ABOUT THE COMPANY
 Overview: Pearson VUE is a leading provider of
computer-based testing solutions for licensure,
certification, academic admissions, and regulatory
bodies.
 Founding and Headquarters: Founded in 1994, with
its headquarters located in Bloomington, Minnesota,
USA.
 Client Base: Works with various clients, including
academic institutions, government agencies, and
professional associations.
 Innovation: Continually invests in research and development to enhance the testing
experience and provide innovative solutions for exam delivery.
 CONTENTS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
TASK PERFORMED
OUTCOMES
REFFERANCE
CONCLUSION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

ØWHAT IS PYTHON?
ØHISTORY OF PYTHON
ØFEATURE OF PYTHON
ØBASIC CONCEPTS OF PYTHON
ØPYTHON LIBRARIES
ØADVANTAGES OF PYTHON
ØAPPLICATION OF PYTHON
 WHAT IS PYTHON?
Python is a general purpose programming
language that is often applied in scripting roles.
So, python is a programming language as well
as a scripting language.

 Python is also called as Interpreted language.

 The language places strong emphasis on code

reliability and simplicity so that the
programmer can develop applications rapidly.
 HISTORY OF PYTHON
 Invented in the Netherlands, early
90's by Guido Van Rossum.
 Python was built in the late 1980's
And it's implementation was started
In December 1989.
 Guido Van Rossum is a famous TV
show in Netherlands.
 Named after Monty Python.
 Open sourced from the beginning.
FEATURE OF PYTHON
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
PYTHON
A variable is a reference to a value stored in a computer's memory.
Variables can be sorted into of categories (or data types)
such as numbers (int, float etc.), Boolean values(true/false), and sequences
(strings, lists etc.).
An Object is a collection of data from a computer's memory that can
be manipulated.
All variables are objects although some objects can be defined by data
referred to by multiple variables.
Methods are the function used to act on/ alter an object's
dat. They describe what your objects can "do".
 BASIC
CONCEPTS OF PYTHON
 A class is a collection of objects
who share the same set of variables.
 The definition of the class provides a
blueprint for all the objects within
it(instances).
 Instances may share the same
variables(colors, size, shape, etc.),
but they do not share the same values
for each variables(red/ blue/
green, small/large, square/circular
etc.).
 BASIC
CONCEPTS OF PYTHON
 Attributes: Variables that hold data unique to an object.
 Methods: Functions defined within a class that operate
on the object's data.
 Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together,
restricting direct access to some elements.
 Inheritance: Allows creating new classes (subclasses)
that inherit attributes and methods from existing classes
(super classes).
 Polymorphism: Enables objects of different classes to
respond to the same method call (function) in different
ways.
 Abstraction: Provides a simplified interface to hide
complex implementation details.
BASIC CONCEPTS
OF PYTHON
 PYTHON LIBRARIES
NumPy
 NumPy is a fundamental library for numerical computing in Python, providing
support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of
mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.
 It is widely used for scientific computing, data analysis, and serving as the backbone
for many other scientific libraries like SciPy and Pandas.
Pandas
 Pandas is a powerful data manipulation and analysis library in Python, offering data
structures like Series and Data Frame to handle structured data efficiently.
 It provides essential functionalities for data cleaning, transformation, and
aggregation, making it a staple in data science and machine learning workflows.
 ADVANTAGES OF
PYTHON
 Simple & Readable: Python's syntax is clear and resembles English,
making it easy to learn and understand.
 Versatile: Python can be used for web development, data science,
scripting, machine learning, and more.
 Extensive Libraries & Frameworks: Python boasts a vast ecosystem of
libraries and frameworks for diverse tasks.
 Cross-Platform: Python code runs on various operating systems
(Windows, macOS, Linux) without major modifications.
 Free & Open-Source: Python is freely available and has a large,
supportive community for learning and problem-solving.
APPLICATION OF
PYTHON
 TASK PERFORMED
TO DO LIST MANAGER

Objective:
Create a command-line application that allows users to manage a to-do list.
Users should be able to add, view, update, and delete tasks.

Features:
• Add Task: Add a new task to the to-do list.
• View Tasks: Display all the tasks in the to-do list.
• Update Task: Edit an existing task.
• Delete Task: Remove a task from the list.
• Save and Load: Save the tasks to a file and load them on startup.
 TASK PERFORMED
Flow chart

Define the Data Create Functions for Each

Set Up the
Structure(use list to Feature(like add, view,
Project(by creating a file)
store the data) update task, etc..)

Implement the User

Run the Application(testing Interface(by creating menu
the application) to navigate between different
features)
 TASK PERFORMED
Library used: 'json'
 Purpose: The 'json' library in Python is used for parsing JSON (JavaScript Object
Notation) data, which is a popular format for exchanging data between a server and web
applications, and for serializing Python objects into JSON format.
 Loading JSON: The 'json.loads()' function is used to parse a JSON string and convert
it into a Python dictionary. Similarly, the ''json.load()' function can be used to parse
JSON data from a file.
 Dumping JSON: The 'json.dumps()' function serializes Python objects into a JSON-
formatted string. The 'json.dump()' function writes JSON data to a file.
 Data Types: The library supports various data types such as dictionaries, lists, strings,
numbers, booleans, and None. JSON objects are mapped to Python dictionaries, arrays to
lists, strings to strings, numbers to int/float, and true/false to True/False.
 OUTCOMES

 Logical Thinking: Develop a structured approach to problem-solving

by breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable steps using Python
code.
 Computational Thinking: Learn to translate real-world problems into
code-based solutions, enhancing your analytical abilities.
 Build Interactive Applications: Expand your repertoire by
constructing interactive programs with graphical user interfaces
(GUIs) using libraries like Tkinter (beginner-friendly) or PyQt (more
advanced).
 REFERENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_Things
https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/iot/#seo-faq-pairs#what-is
-the-internet-of-things-iot
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-basics/#python-vari
able
https://www.pythontutorial.net/python-basics/python-if/
THANK YOU