Function and Relation (Part 2)

Function and Relation
(Part 2)
By
OA Esan
Walter Sisulu Univeristy
Concept of Function
 Function f is a rule which associates with each element x in a set A and

unique element f(x) in a set B.
 We call the set A the domain of the function and the set B the range of
the function.
 A is the set of all elements which the rule can operate successfully on,
and B is the set of all outcomes of these operations.
 A and B are often sets of numbers. One can think of a function as a
machine into which we input an element x from set A and as an output
the machine gives an element (x) from the set B.
Concept of Function …CONTD
 INPUT (x) = F-MACHINE = OUTPUT (f(x))

 For example if try enter a number into your calculator and press “square
root”, the machine you select gives the square root of the entered
number as an output.
 Another way to view a function is regard it as mapping from a set A to
set B. this can be represented diagrammatically as follows:
MAPPING
 Here we depict to action of f on x by means of an arrow. Returning to the

vertical definition we note the use of the word “unique”. This means that
the following situation cannot arise:
 That is, one element of A cannot map to two different elements of B. we
say that a function is a single valued operation
MAPPING
 On the other hand, there is nothing prohibiting this
 That is, two different elements of A map to the same element of B. More
than one element of A can map the same element of B, for certain
functions
 As an example which shows a function from a non-numeric set A to a
non-numeric set B, consider
A={x | x is a IT student}
B={male, female}
 And let f be the action of saying whether a particular member of the IT
class is male or female. This is perfectly good function.
 It is unique mapping from A to B since no one person has male and
female classification simultaneously.
Vertical Line Test of a function
 For any giving curve, a vertical line drawn through it cutting at only one
point makes the relation a function.
 On the other hand, if it cuts at two or more points on the curve then it
does not represent a function
Domain of a function
 Given that the domain of f(x) are real values of x which

make f(x) defined that is if the denominator , , -1 then
f(x) will be undefined.
 Therefore the domain of f is all real numbers except one and negative
one written as
Range/Co-Domain of a Function
 Consider .To find the range for g, make x the subject and the
value of g(x) that make x defined are the range of given function.
 Solution
 Let g(x) =y
 xy +y =4
 xy = 4 – y
Identities of a Function
 Given that
 Find the values of the constants a, b and c
 Solution
 Expand the right hand side and compare coefficients
 Solution
Zeros of a Function
 Given any function, then the zeros of that given function is found by
equating the given function to zero so as to find the corresponding
values of x
 Example
 Find the zeros of

Restricted Domain
 If to find the range of f(x) when the following

must be taking into consideration
 (1) find the given interval the least value of f(x)
 (2) find also in the given interval the highest value of f(x). Therefore the
range of f(x) is least
 Now if x=-3
 =13 highest value

 When x =0 f(x) = 0 +4 = least value
 Therefore
Inverse of a Function
 For a given function to have an inverse it must be one to one

Example 1
 Given .Find the inverse if it exist. Find the
corresponding domain of the inverse function.
 Solution
 To find the inverse of g denoted by , replace g(x) by x and x by y
and then make y the subject
 After making y the subject replace it by
One to one Function
 To show that a given function is one to one then the condition that f(a) = f(b) that is a
= b should be satisfied.
 (Note: if it does not necessary mean that a = b rather or
Example: but )
 Example
Composite Function
 Two or more function can be combine to give a third function which is

also known as a function of a function. Example of fog, gop, goh etc
 That is if goh then h first followed by g
 Example
Limits of a function
 It is interesting to examine the behaviour of a function for every large x

(positive or negative)
 Let us consider some examples
 Evaluate each of the following, using theorems on limits
Thank you
The End

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Function and Relation

 Function f is a rule which associates with each element x in a set A and

 INPUT (x) = F-MACHINE = OUTPUT (f(x))

 Here we depict to action of f on x by means of an arrow. Returning to the

 On the other hand, there is nothing prohibiting this

 Given that the domain of f(x) are real values of x which

 If to find the range of f(x) when the following

 =13 highest value

 For a given function to have an inverse it must be one to one

 Two or more function can be combine to give a third function which is

 It is interesting to examine the behaviour of a function for every large x

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