Unit 15 - 03,04 - Energy Resources

Warm Up: Energy transfer and
loss
At which points does the pendulum
have gravitational potential energy?
At Points A and C
What is happening between Point A and

Point
The C?
gravitational potential energy is being
converted into kinetic energy (and a little bit
AB GPE converts to KE. All the GPE of sound and heat energy)
has converted to KE at Point B
KE converts to GPE. All the KE

What energy is highest at Point B?
BC
has again converted to GPE at
Kinetic energy is highest.
Point C
Warm Up: Energy transfer and
loss
Do you think there is any energy loss?
What kind?
Energy is wasted in the form of sound
energy and heat energy.
Do you think the pendulum will keep

swinging high?
No, as it loses energy, it will have less
AB GPE converts to KE. All the GPE total energy. So it won’t reach as high as
has converted to KE at Point B. point A and Point C.
BUT some energy has been lost.
What will happen to the pendulum
KE converts to GPE. All the KE eventually?
BC
has again converted to GPE at It will lose all its energy and stop.
Point C. BUT some energy has
been lost.
Energy
Resource
s
LESSON 4
Learning Objectives
 Define renewable and non-renewable energy resources
 Describe what fossil fuels are
 Describe disadvantages of using fossil fuel
 List and describe various renewable energy resources:
wind, water, solar, nuclear
 List the advantages and disadvantages of various
renewable energy resources: wind, water, solar, nuclear
Who needs energy?
Where do we get this energy?
Renewable and non-renewable
We get energy from many energy resources, including fuels, food and
stores of energy such as batteries
•non-renewable energy
Energy resources cannot be
Resources replaced once they are
all used up
Non- •renewable energy
Renewable
renewable resources can be
energy
energy replaced, and will not
resources run out
resources
Non-renewable energy: FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels were formed over
millions of years, from the remains
of dead organisms:
•coal was formed from dead trees
and other plant material
•crude oil and gas were formed
from dead marine organisms
•Fossil fuels took a very long time to form and we are using them up faster
than they can be replaced.
•Once they have all been used up, they cannot be replaced. Fossil fuels are
therefore finite resources.
•They are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly.
https://www.tva.com/Energy/Our-
Power-System/Coal/How-a-Coal-Pl
ant-Works
Electricity from fossil fuels:

Energy from the burning fuel is used to boil water. The
steam turns turbines, and these turn
electrical generators. Unfortunately, the use of fossil fuels
releases pollution, including:
•carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas and
increases global warming
•sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain
Energy transfers in a coal power
plant
It
Heat
transfers The Finally,
Chemical energy is
The its kinetic the
energy in transferr
steam is kinetic energy is generato
the coal ed to the
moving energy transferr r
converte water,
really to the ed from converts
d to heat which
fast so it turbines the kinetic
energy heats up
has a lot which turbine energy
by and
of kinetic start to to the to
burning turns
energy. rotate generato electrical
the coal. into
really r. energy.
steam.
fast.
Non-renewable: NUCLEAR FUELS
How does it work?
The main nuclear fuels are uranium and
plutonium. In a nuclear power station, the energy
released is used to boil water to steam. The steam
spins turbines, which then drive generators to
produce electricity
Advantages Disadvantages
nuclear waste remains dangerously
do not produce greenhouse
radioactive and harmful to health
gases like carbon dioxide or
for thousands of years. It must be
sulfur dioxide.
stored safely.
Energy transfers in a nuclear
power plant
Nuclear
Heat It
energy is
energy is transfers The Finally,
used from The steam
transferre its kinetic kinetic the
the is moving
d to the energy to energy is generator
reaction really fast
water, the transferre converts
of the so it has a
which turbines d from the kinetic
nuclear lot of
heats up which turbine to energy to
fuels, and kinetic
and turns start to the electrical
heat energy.
into rotate generator. energy.
energy is
steam. really fast.
released.
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
RESOURCES
SOLAR ENERGY
How does it work?
A solar cell is a device that converts light energy directly into

electrical energy. Some pocket calculators use solar cells, and you
may have seen large panels of solar cells on house roofs.
•no fuel costs
•no harmful polluting gases are •Solar cells are expensive and
produced. inefficient, so the cost of their
•provide electricity in remote electricity is high.
•Solar cells do not work at night
locations where there is no
mains electricity. and not as well when it is cloudy.
WIND ENERGY
•Wind is a renewable energy •Wind farms are noisy and may
resource. There are no fuel spoil the view for people living
costs and no harmful near them.
polluting gases are •The amount of electricity
produced. generated depends on the
strength of the wind. If there is no
wind, there is no electricity.
WATER ENERGY Like the wind, water
can be used to drive
turbines directly.
How does it work?
Waves: The water in the sea rises and falls because of waves on the surface. Wave
machines use the kinetic energy in this movement to drive electricity generators.
Hydroelectric power: Like tidal barrages, hydroelectric power stations use the kinetic
energy in moving water. But the water usually comes from behind a dam built across a river
valley. The water high up behind the dam has a lot of gravitational potential energy. This
is transferred to kinetic energy as the water rushes down through tubes inside the dam. The
moving water drives electrical generators, which may be built inside the dam.
•Dams destroy the habitats of estuary
•no fuel costs species, including wading birds.
•no harmful polluting gases are •Dams flood farmland and push people
produced. from their homes.
•very reliable and can be easily •The rotting vegetation underwater
switched on. releases methane, which is a greenhouse
gas.

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Unit 15 - 03,04 - Energy Resources

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Warm Up: Energy transfer and

What is happening between Point A and

KE converts to GPE. All the KE

Do you think the pendulum will keep

Electricity from fossil fuels:

A solar cell is a device that converts light energy directly into

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