MISS ROMALYN DC.

VILLEGAS
 By the end of this lesson, you are
expected to:

1.Recognize one’s limitations and

WHAT possibilities

2.Evaluate one’s limitations and the

ARE MY possibilities for their transcendence

3.Recognize how the human body

GOALS? imposes limits and possibilities for
transcendence

4.Distinguish the limitations and

possibilities for transcendence.
ACTIVITY #
LOOK A PAIR! AND SHARE!
Instructions:

1 . Pa i r U p : Fi n d a p a r t n e r t o w o r k w i t h f o r t h i s a c t i v i t y.

2 . D i s c u s s i o n Po i n t s : D i s c u s s t h e g i v e n s t a t e m e n t s w i t h y o u r p a r t n e r. ( S t a t e m e n t s a re o n t h e n e x t s l i d e )

3 . Re c o r d Yo u r D i s c u s s i o n : U s e a v i d e o re c o r d i n g d e v i c e t o c a p t u re y o u r d i s c u s s i o n . E n s u re b o t h p a r t n e r s
c o n t r i b u t e e q u a l l y.

4 . S h a re Yo u r I n s i g h t s : I n y o u r v i d e o , a d d re s s t h e p ro v i d e d q u e s t i o n s .

* How do these limitations impact our daily lives?

* Can any of these limitations be seen in a positive light? How?

* How do you personally cope with these limitations?

5 . U p l o a d a n d S u b m i t : O n c e y o u r v i d e o i s re c o r d e d , p l e a s e d o s e n d i t v i a M S t e a m s t o d a y. ( S i n c e w e h a v e 2
periods) Up until 7pm..
1. We have a limited life span.
2. We cannot choose our biological family.
3. We cannot teleport instantly to another location in an
instant.
4. Words limit our communication with each other.
5. We cannot be in two places at the same time.
6. We cannot change our past decisions.
7. We face certain death in the future.
8. We are bound by space and time.
9. We cannot choose our race, age, and birthdate
THE HUMAN
PERSON AS
AN
EMBODIED
SPIRIT
 What is Embodied Spirit?
• is the living animating core within each of
us, the driving force behind all that we
think, say and do.
• Sometimes these are feelings, insights,
and fancies – all these are private.
Human Composition of Man
What are the diff erence of the following terms?
Man
Person
Human Nature
Limitations of Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
Facticity
Spatial-Temporal Being
The Body as Intermediary
 HUMAN
COMPOSITION
OF MAN
 Man
• It is the general term commonly used to
refer to the entire human race.
• Other related terms, humanity, mankind,
and humankind
 Human
• Refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS
or MODERN HUMAN BEINGS.
• The term human being is also used to
diff erentiate man from other animals.
 Person
• The personality of a human being so called “SELF”.
• Refers to a human being granted recognition of
certain rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity
above all.
• Philosopher refers to the human person as the
totality of an individual, possessing awareness, self-
determination and capacity to interact with others
and with himself/herself.
 Human Nature
• Defines as the nature of humans
especially the fundamental characters and
traits of humans.
• It refers to the characteristics that
distinguish humans from all other
creatures.
What is the human person?
 Self-awareness
• refers to the person having a clear
perception of oneself, including his
thoughts, emotions, identity and act
Try saying these!
● I am a person.
● I am alive.
● I exist.
● I am here. I am present.
● I am living
Let’s examine!

Little Jose is playing in the living room

while his mom is in the kitchen. He
accidentally bumps into a table, causing a
vase to fall. Upon hearing, his mom went to
the living room and saw him, standing near
the broken vase. She asked, “Did you break
the vase?” What do you think Jose‘s answer
will be?
What is the human person?
Self-determination
•refers to the capability of
persons to make choices and
decisions based on their own
preferences, monitor and
regulate their actions, and be
goal-oriental and self-directed.
 Consequence
• The result or effect of an action or
condition.
• Philosophers believe that a person
acts freely and with due regard for the
consequences of his actions
What is the human person?
 Externality
• refers to the
capability of a
person to reach out
and interact with
others and the
world.
What is the human person?
 Dignity
•refers to the innate right to
be valued and respected.
•Philosophers consider all
humans as having an
inherent worth or value. “
Limitations of
the Human
Human persons are
naturally deficient
beings. This means that
we are not prepared
with the best physical
aspects among all the
beings.
LIMITATIONS CAN
LEAD TO
POSSIBILITIES
 the ability to change,
be dynamic, and
Transcendenc continually redefi ning
e one’s self which works
with our facticity to
create change.
 • According to Thomas Merton
(1948), there is no other way to
find who we are than by finding
in ourselves the divine image.
• We have to struggle to regain
spontaneous and vital awareness
Transcendence of our own spirituality.
• Transcendental and
transcendence convey the basic
ground concept from the words’
literal meaning (from Latin), of
climbing or going beyond, with
varying connotations in its
Three Main Spiritual
Philosophies on
Transcendence
 • At the heart of Hinduism lies the
idea of human beings’ quest for
absolute truth, so that one’s soul
and the Brahman or Atman
(Absolute Soul) might become
one.
• Human beings have dual nature:
HINDUISM the spiritual and immortal essence
(soul) which is considered real;
and the empirical life and
character.
• Hindus generally believe that the
soul is eternal but is bound by the
law of Karma (action) to the world
of matter, which it can escape only
 • Humanity’s basic goal in life is the
liberation (moksha) of spirit (jiva).
• Hinduism holds that humanity’s life
is a continuous cycle (samsara)
where the body goes through a
transmigratory series of birth and
death, even though the spirit is
HINDUISM neither born nor dies.
• Unless the individual exerts real
efforts to break away or liberate
one’s spirit from the monotonous
cycle, there will be no end to the
cycle.
• Ultimate liberation, that is, freedom
from rebirth, is achieved the moment
 • Also common to all Hindu
thought are the four primary
values: wealth, pleasure, duty,
and enlightenment.
HINDUISM • To understand enlightenment,
one must understand the law of
karma, the law of sowing and
reaping.
• The wheel of existence turns
until we achieve enlightenment.
 • Another major Eastern tradition
which sprang from the life
experience and teaching of
Siddhartha Gautama or the
Buddha.
BUDDHISM • Gautama’s life was devoted to
sharing his “Dharma” or Law of
Salvation – a simple
presentation of the gospel of
inner cultivation of right
spiritual attitudes, coupled with
a self-imposed discipline
 • The teaching of Buddha has
been set forth traditionally in
the “Four Noble Truths” leading
to the “Eightfold Path” to
perfect character or arhatship,
which in turn gave assurance of
BUDDHISM entrance into Nirvana at death.
• Four Noble Truths
• Life is full of suffering.
• Suffering is caused by
passionate desires, lusts,
cravings.
• There is an end to suffering.
 • Eradication of desire may be
accomplished only by
BUDDHISM following the Eightfold Path
of earnest endeavor.
 • The eightfold path enjoins us to
develop wisdom, urges us to
practice virtue and avoid vice,
and tells us to practice
meditation.
BUDDHISM • The way to salvation lies
through self-abnegation, rigid
discipline of mind and body, a
consuming love for all living
creatures, and the final
achievement of that state of
consciousness which marks an
individual’s full preparation for
 • Achieving nirvana is to make
earthly feelings like suffering
and desire disappear.
• On the other hand, if you're
a Buddhist monk, it may
BUDDHISM take you years of meditating
to reach nirvana.
 • In the beginning, Christians do
not see the need to prove God’s
existence.
• Looks at the reasonableness of
belief in God’s existence.
• Asks whether or not the
CHRISTIANITY existence of God provides the
best explanation of the
existence of the world, as we
know it.
• Later, Christian missionaries felt
the need to argue
philosophically for the existence
 • For Augustine (354–430 CE),
philosophy is amor sapiential
(the love of wisdom) whose aim
is to produce happiness.
• For Augustine, Christianity, as
CHRISTIANITY presenting the full revelation of
the true God, is the only full and
true philosophy.
• Knowledge of God begins with
faith and is made perfect by
understanding.
• Faith supplements and
 • In short, a human person
can achieve transcendence
by knowing God, one
achieves a state of
transcendent reality, for God
CHRISTIANITY is the ultimate transcendent
reality.
• Many achieve self-
transcendence through their
faith in God.
• This faith or spirituality can
Limitations and
Possibilities for
Transcendence
Forgiveness
• It frees us from our anger and bitterness
caused by the actions and/or words of
another.
• On the other hand, the hardness of our heart
is reinforced by whole series of rational
arguments.
Beauty and Nature
• There is perfection in every single flower.
• A hug, sunrise and sunset, eating together as
a family are experiences of miracles which
Vulnerability
• To be vulnerable is to be human.
• We need to acknowledge the help of other
people in our lives if we want to be true with
ourselves and live with meaning and
direction.
Failure
• Failures force us to confront our weaknesses
and limitations and to surrender to a
mystery or look upon a bigger world.
• Acceptance of our failures makes us hope
Loneliness
• It is our choice to live in an impossible world
where we are always “happy” or to accept a life
where solitude and companionship have a part.
• Our experience of loneliness can help us realize
that our dependence on other people or gadgets
is a possessiveness that we can be free from.
Love
• To love is to experience richness, positivity, and
transcendence.
• Love can open in us something which takes us
beyond ourselves.
 Answer the processing questions
1. Compare the Hindu’s concept of Karma to the Filipino’s
concept of Karma.
2. Based on the eightfold path, which is the most important
for you to cultivate in your life at present?
3. Relate to the class an experience that you were able to go
beyond your limitation.
4. Share with your classmate a moment in your life that you
faced failures.
Guide Questions:
a. How do you view suffering (as a blessing or a curse)?
b. How do you acknowledge the help of others?
c. How can forgiveness free us from anger?