UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

MASTERS OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

PYTHON PROGRAMMING
21CAH-645/635/604

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2.2.3. NumPy Operations
• More speed: NumPy uses algorithms written in C that complete in
nanoseconds rather than seconds.
• Fewer loops: NumPy helps you to reduce loops and keep from getting
tangled up in iteration indices.
• Clearer code: Without loops, your code will look more like the
equations you’re trying to calculate.
• Better quality: There are thousands of contributors working to keep
NumPy fast, friendly, and bug. free.
Because of these benefits, NumPy is the de-facto standard for
multidimensional arrays in Python data analytics, and many of the
most popular libraries are built on top of it.
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Scalar
• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
a=a+1
print (a)
output: [2 3 4 5]

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• Example 2
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
a = 2 ** a
print (a)

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 numpy.ones() in Python
The numpy.ones() function returns a new array of given shape and
type, with ones.
Syntax: numpy.ones(shape, dtype = None, order = 'C’)
Creating one-dimensional array with ones
import numpy as np
array_1d = np.ones(3)
print(array_1d)

Output:
[1. 1. 1.]
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 numpy.ones() in Python
Creating Multi-dimensional array
import numpy as np
array_2d = np.ones((2, 3))
print(array_2d)

Output:
[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]

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 numpy.ones() in Python
NumPy ones array with int data type
import numpy as np
array_2d_int = np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
print(array_2d_int)

Output:
[[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]]

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 numpy.ones() in Python
The numpy.ones() function returns a new array of given shape and
type, with ones.
Syntax: numpy.ones(shape, dtype = None, order = 'C')
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.ones(4) + 1
print (a - b)

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 numpy.ones() in Python

• Example 2
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.ones(4) + 1
print (a * b)

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 numpy.ones() in Python

• Example 3
• import numpy as np
• j = np.arange(5)
• j = 2**(j + 1) - j
• print (j)

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 Array multiplication

• Example 1
import numpy as np
c = np.ones((3, 3))
print (c * c)
output:
[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]

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 Matrix multiplication

• Example 1
import numpy as np
c = np.ones((3, 3))
print (c.dot(c))

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 Comparison Operations

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
b = np.array([4, 2, 2, 4])
print (a == b)

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 Comparison Operations

Example 2
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
b = np.array([4, 2, 2, 4])
print (a > b)
output:

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 Array Comparison

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
b = np.array ([1,2,3,4,5])
c = np.array ([1,2,3,4,5])
print (np.array_equal(a,b))

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 Array Comparison

• Example 2
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
b = np.array ([1,2,3,4,5])
c = np.array ([2,2,3,4,5])
print (np.array_equal(a,c))

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 Logical Operations

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 1, 0, 0], dtype=bool)
b = np.array([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=bool)
print (np.logical_or(a, b))

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 Logical Operations

• Example 2
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 1, 0, 0], dtype=bool)
b = np.array([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=bool)
print (np.logical_and(a, b))

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 Mathematical Functions
Arithmetic Functions

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

first_array = np.array([1, 3, 5, 7])

second_array = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8])

# using the add() function

result2 = np.add(first_array, second_array)
print("Using the add() function:",result2)

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

first_array = np.array([3, 9, 27, 81])

second_array = np.array([2, 4, 8, 16])

# using the - operator

result1 = first_array - second_array
print("Using the - operator:",result1)

# using the subtract() function

result2 = np.subtract(first_array, second_array)
print("Using the subtract() function:",result2)
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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

first_array = np.array([1, 3, 5, 7])

second_array = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8])

# using the * operator

result1 = first_array * second_array
print("Using the * operator:",result1)

# using the multiply() function

result2 = np.multiply(first_array, second_array)
print("Using the multiply() function:",result2)
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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

first_array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

second_array = np.array([4, 5, 6])

# using the / operator

result1 = first_array / second_array
print("Using the / operator:",result1)

# using the divide() function

result2 = np.divide(first_array, second_array)
print("Using the divide() function:",result2)
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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np
array1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
# using the ** operator
result1 = array1 ** 2
print("Using the ** operator:",result1)
# using the power() function
result2 = np.power(array1, 2)
print("Using the power() function:",result2)

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np
first_array = np.array([9, 10, 20])
second_array = np.array([2, 5, 7])
# using the % operator
result1 = first_array % second_array
print("Using the % operator:",result1)
# using the mod() function
result2 = np.mod(first_array, second_array)
print("Using the mod() function:",result2)

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 Mathematical Functions
Rounding Functions

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

numbers = np.array([1.23456, 2.34567, 3.45678, 4.56789])

# round the array to two decimal places

rounded_array = np.round(numbers, 2)

print(rounded_array)

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

array1 = np.array([1.23456, 2.34567, 3.45678, 4.56789])

print("Array after floor():", np.floor(array1))

print("Array after ceil():", np.ceil(array1))

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 Mathematical Functions
Trigonometric Functions

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 Mathematical Functions
import numpy as np

# array of angles in radians

angles = np.array([0, 1, 2])
print("Angles:", angles)
# compute the sine of the angles
sine_values = np.sin(angles)
print("Sine values:", sine_values)

Output
Angles: [0 1 2]
Sine values: [0. 0.84147098 0.90929743]
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 Computing Sums

• Example 1
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print (np.sum(x))

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 Sum by rows and columns

• Example 1
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 2]])
print (x.sum(axis=0)) # column first axis

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 Computing Sums

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 2]])
print (x.sum(axis=1)) # row second axis

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 Logical operations

• Example
import numpy as np
print (np.all([True, True, False]))
output: False
• Example
import numpy as np
print (np.any([True, True, False]))
output: True

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 Statistical operations

• Example 1
import numpy as np
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 1])
y = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 1]])
print (x.mean())
output: 1.75

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 Statistical operations

Example
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 1])
y = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 1]])
print (np.medain(x))
output: 1.5

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 Statistical operations
Example
import numpy as np
marks = np.array([76, 78, 81, 66, 85])
std_marks = np.std(marks)
print(std_marks)
# Output: 6.803568381206575

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 Statistical operations
Example
import numpy as np
marks = np.array([76, 78, 81, 66, 85])
std_marks = np.std(marks)
print(std_marks)
# Output: 6.803568381206575

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 Statistical operations
import numpy as np
array1 = np.array([2,6,9,15,17,22,65,1,62])
min_val = np.min(array1)
max_val = np.max(array1)
print("Minimum value:", min_val)
print("Maximum value:", max_val)

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 Statistics functions

• Flatening
Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print (a.ravel())
output: [1 2 3 4 5 6]

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 Reshaping
The inverse operation of flattening
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
b = a.ravel()
b = b.reshape((2, 3))
print (b)
output
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

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 Dimension shuffling
• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(4*3*2).reshape(4, 3, 2)
print (a)

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 Resizing

• Size of the array can be changed with ndarray.resize

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(4)
a.resize((8,))
print (a)
output: [0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0]

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 Sorting along the axis:

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[4, 3, 5], [1, 2, 1]])
b = np.sort(a, axis=1)
print (b)
output:
[[3 4 5]
[1 1 2]]

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 In-place sort

• Example 1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[4, 3, 5], [1, 2, 1]])
a.sort(axis=1)
print (a)

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 slice a 2D array (or matrix) using NumPy or a
nested list

•array[:, :2]: Slices all rows (:) and the first two columns (:2).
•array[:2, :]: Slices the first two rows (:2) and all columns (:).
•array[1, :2]: Slices the second row (1) and the first two columns (:2).
•array[1:, 1:]: Slices the last two rows (1:) and the last two columns (1:).

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import numpy as np
# Create a 2D array (3x3 matrix)
array = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]])
# Slice all rows and first two columns
slice1 = array[:, :2]
# Slice first two rows and all columns
slice2 = array[:2, :]
# Slice second row and first two columns
slice3 = array[1, :2]
# Slice last two rows and last two columns
slice4 = array[1:, 1:]
# Print the slices
print("Slice 1 (all rows, first two columns):\n", slice1)
print("Slice 2 (first two rows, all columns):\n", slice2)
print("Slice 3 (second row, first two columns):\n", slice3)
print("Slice 4 (last two rows, last two columns):\n", slice4)
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Summary

• In this chapter we have seen some basic operations /manipulations

on N-dimensional NumPy array.

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 THANK YOU

18/10/2024 49