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    Formation of The Heavier Elements

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    Atasha Raine Sangalang

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Formation of The Heavier Elements

    Uploaded by

    Atasha Raine Sangalang
    4 views14 pages

    Original Title

    2._Formation_of_the_Heavier_Elements(5)

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    4 views14 pages

    Formation of The Heavier Elements

    Uploaded by

    Atasha Raine Sangalang

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    FORMATION OF

    HEAVIER ELEMENTS IN
    THE EVOLUTION OF
    THE UNIVERSE
    Just a few seconds after the big
    explosion or the big bang, unimaginably
    high density matter and radiant energy
    filled the entire universe.

    As the universe expanded, matter and


    radiation cooled. Radiation filled the
    entire universe and it continues to fill
    the entire universe in its expansion.
    HOW WERE THE ELEMENTS IN THE
    UNIVERSE FORMED?
    • A few seconds after the Big Bang, protons, neutrons and electrons
    consisted in the universe.
    • The elements of the present universe were formed in the process also
    known as NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
    • The first step in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis involved building up of
    complex atoms through the formation of deuterium nuclei or deuterons.
    • Deuterons are combination of a proton and neutron.
    F
    • Deuteron has a binding energy of 2.2 MeV. (amount of energy of a gamma
    ray)
    • To break up a deuteron nuclei apart into its components
    F
    .
    THE ORIGIN OF LIGHT ELEMENTS

    1. Big Bang or Primordial Nucleosynthesis – Origin of the “light”


    elements

    2. Stellar Nucleosynthesis – Origin and production of the “heavy”


    elements
    NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

    - Is the process that creates new atomic nucleus


    from pre existing nucleons, which is proton and
    neutrons.
    BIG BANG OR PRIMORDIAL
    NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

    - Refers to the process of producing the “light


    elements” after the Big Bang
    The energy and the temperature of the
    universe are extremely high to cause the neutrons
    and protons to combine and form certain species in
    a process called nuclear fusion.
    PROTONS NEUTRONS
    The isotopes produced during the Big Bang
    nucleosynthesis were H1, H2, H3, H4, L7.
    THE ORIGIN OF THE HEAVIER
    ELEMENTS

    • Heavy elements were formed only billions of years after the


    formation of stars.
    • The density inside a star is great enough to sustain fusion for
    extended time periods required to synthesize heavy elements.
    • Stars are hot dense enough to burn the hydrogen1 to helium4.
    • The formation of heavy elements by fusion of lighter nuclei in the
    interior of stars is called Stellar Nucleosynthesis.
    FORMATION OF HEAVIER ELEMENTS
    AFTER THE BIG BANG

    • After the decoupling of matter and radiation, matter was subject only to
    gravitational force.
    • Matter consist of Helium and Hydrogen.
    • In the simple helium fusion reaction
    4
    He + 4He → 8Be
    • Layers near core of stars have very high temperatures enough to
    nucleosynthesis heavy elements such as silicon and iron

    • Elements heavier than iron cannot be formed through fusion as


    tremendous amounts of energy.

    • Heavy elements are formed in a SUPERNOVA which is a massive


    explosion of a star.
    Thank you

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