LITERATURE

REVIEW

PROJECT GUIDE BATCH-B4

22335A0231 – K.CHARAN

21331A0298 -- U.SUSRITHA

21331A0256 -- M.VISHNU
PAPER-1
A HOMEENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLE
ENERGY AND ENERGY STORAGE UTILIZING MAIN GRID AND
ELECTRICITY SELLING

ABSTRACT:-
With the development of new technologies in the eld of renewable energy and batteries,
increasing number of houses have been equipped with renewable energy sources (RES) and
energy storage systems (ESS) to reduce home energy cost. These houses usually have home
energy management sys
tems(HEMS)tocontrolandscheduleeveryelectricaldevice.Variousstudies
havebeenconductedonHEMS and optimization algorithms for energy cost and peak-to-average
ratio (PAR) reduction. However, none of papers give a suf cient study on the utilization of main
grids electricity and selling electricity. In this paper, rstly, we propose a new
HEMSarchitecturewithRESandESSwherewetakeutilizationoftheelectricityof the main grid and
electricity selling into account. With the proposed HEMS, we build general mathematical
formulas for energy cost and PAR during a day. We then optimize these formulas using both
the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO).
Results clearly show that, with our HEMS system, RES and ESS can help to drop home energy
cost signi cantly to 19.7%, compared with the results of previous works. By increasing
charge/discharge rate of ESS, energy cost can be decreased by 4.3% for 0.6 kW and 8.5% for
0.9 kW. Moreover, by using multi-objective optimization, our system can achieve better PAR
with an acceptable energy cost.
PAPER-2
IOT BASED SMART GRID COMMUNICATION WITH
TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT:-
The electrical grid connects all producing stations to provide customers with
uninterruptible electricity. Smart sensors and communication are being
combined with the existing grid to mimic the behavior of a smart system as
technology advances. This smart grid provides two-way communication
between customers and producers. It is a smart network that connects
energy generation, transmission, substations, and distribution, among other
things. This smart grid provides clean, dependable power at a high
transmission efficiency rate. This research proposes a highly efficient smart
management system for a smart grid with comprehensive protection. This
management system examines and monitors the parameters on a regular
basis. This futuristic technology also creates a smart transformer with
alternating current and direct current compatibility for self-protection and
healing.
PAPER-3
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR OPERATION OF ROOF-
TOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS BASED MICROGRID
IN ISLANDED MODE
ABSTRACT:-
This paper presents the control techniques for the operation of roof-top solar photovoltaics
based single-phase ac microgrid in islanded mode. The proposed microgrid consists of four
roof-top photovoltaics on various buildings, battery energy storage system in each building,
and loads. In each building, the roof-top photovoltaic system is connected to the single-phase
ac loads and proposed single-phase ac microgrid through the two-stage converter, which
consists of dc-dc boost converter and bidirectional single-phase voltage source converter. A
bidirectional dc-dc converter is used to connect the battery energy storage system to the
photovoltaic system. The control technique of the bidirectional single-phase voltage source
converter, using the feed-forward and feed-back control signals, has been suggested into a
rotating d-q synchronous reference frame, with the dual controllers, for controlling the power
mismatch and rated sinusoidal ac voltage of the microgrid. The control technique of the
bidirectional dc-dc converter, used for the battery energy storage system, is implemented
with two voltage controllers and one current controller for managing of the power mismatch
in the proposed microgrid system. In this work, the power control algorithms have also been
developed, which are aimed to manage the power balance in the single roof-top PV based
building as well as in the proposed microgrid, under islanded mode, for various operating
scenarios including fault condition.
PAPER-4
DECENTRALISED DROOPLESS CONTROL OF
ISLANDED RADIAL AC MICROGRIDS WITHOUT
EXPLICIT COMMUNICATION
ABSTRACT:-
A microgrid is a proven effective way to integrate renewable resources. This
study presents an innovative control concept for decentralized AC microgrids,
which is based on the architectural advantage of a radial microgrid structure.
Under the proposed concept, power sharing between the distributed sources is
achieved without droop control. Thus the need for a secondary control level is
eliminated. Moreover, the use of explicit communication is replaced in the paper
by a novel coordination mechanism based on the locally measured currents. The
paper shows that, with a special design of the current control of grid-feeding
converters, the proposed microgrid automatically provides equitable sharing of
the load demand amongst the distributed generators (DGs). Moreover, the
dynamic responses of the DGs are identical and decoupled from one another. It
is further shown that the proposed AC microgrid is stable in the presence of any
type of load. The findings of the paper are validated by simulations and
laboratory experiments.
PAPER-5
REAL-TIME SCHEDULING FOR OPTIMAL ENERGY
OPTIMIZATION IN SMART GRID INTEGRATED WITH
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
ABSTRACT:-
Load scheduling, battery energy storage control, and improving user comfort are critical
energy optimization problems in smart grid. However, system inputs like renewable energy
generation process, conventional grid generation process, battery charging/discharging
process, dynamic price signals, and load arrival process comprise controller performance to
accurately optimize real-time battery energy storage scheduling, load scheduling, energy
generation, and user comfort. Thus, in this work, the virtual queue stability based Lyapunov
optimization technique (LOT) is adopted to investigate real-time energy optimization in a grid-
connected sustainable smart home with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
load considering unknown system inputs dynamics. The main goal is to minimize overall time
average energy cost and thermal discomfort cost in a long time horizon for sustainable smart
home accounting for changes in home occupancy state, the most comfortable temperature
setting, electrical consumption, renewable generation output, outdoor temperature, and the
electricity costs. The employed algorithm creates and regulates four queues for indoor
temperature, electric vehicle (EV) charging, and energy storage system (ESS). Extensive
simulations are conducted to validate the employed algorithm. Simulation results illustrate
that the proposed algorithm performs real-time energy optimization and reduces the time
average energy cost of 20.15% while meeting the users energy and comfort requirement
PAPER-6
A SECURE AND RESILIENT SMART
ENERGY METER
ABSTRACT:-
TheexpansionoftheInternetofThings(IoT),SmartGrids(SG),andrenewableenergysources
has created a greater need for effective cybersecurity measures. These systems need
to be protected from all threats in order to maintain continuity and functionality. Smart
grids are made up of integrated modules that rely on essential data communication.
Each module is exposed to different cybersecurity issues that, if compromised, will
affect the entire system. This study addressed the security and data integrity issues in
smart energy meters (SEMs), which are critical components in smart grid networks.
After a comprehensive review of existing products and their features, a security-
focused design for the SEM was proposed. The proposed solution provides a multi-level
design to ensure the hardware, communication, and data security of the SEM. The
solution mitigates Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, data integrity issues,
data privacy and energy theft. The security of a smart meter depends on securing two-
way data communication, data processing and data integrity. To achieve this goal, the
authors leveraged LoRaWANtechnology insmart grid communications and
unidirectional data transmission to ensure network security and resilience .
PAPER-7
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IMPROVED POWER-
ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR FEEDING LOADS OF SMART HOMES
IN REMOTE AREAS USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

ABSTRACT:-
This paper suggests an improved step-up step-down DC-DC system along with three input
and four-output for smart home applications. In this configuration, two unidirec tional power
ports have been identified as an Input power supply and one bidirectional power port for the
power-saving element, which can be used as a bidirectional converter for the hybrid vehicle
to discharge in a dependent structure. This system can be used to combine renewable
energy sources like photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, battery and hybrid vehicle (HV) to prepare
power for remote smart homes. By using this system, serving dif ferent loads with different
voltage range from high voltage to ultra-low voltage is possible, also battery charge and
discharge with the energy-saving method can be achieved. In this system, the condition of
all possible low-voltage load and high-voltage load conditions has been assumed. In this
structure, nine power switches have been used, in which all of these switches are in control
with independent and dependent duty cycles. By using these cycles, maximum power can be
earned from PV sources, bus-bar voltage regulation, and battery power control is possible
too. In this topology, depending on environmental con ditions, five scenarios have been
identified. To prove the capability of the system before the build, some valid simulations are
needed. In this study, the suggested system has been simulated with power system
computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC(PSCAD/EMTDC).
THANKYOU!