Lecture 18

Let A be a square matrix.
If a multiple of one row of A is

added to another row to
produce a matrix B, then
det B = det A.
…..
Continued
If two rows of A are
interchanged to produce B,
then det B = –det A.
If one row of A is multiplied
by k to produce B, then
det B = k det A.
ka11 ka12 ka13 a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23 k a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33 a31 a32 a33
a11  ka21 a12  ka22 a13  ka23 a11 a12 a13

a21 a22 a23  a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33 a31 a32 a33
1 2 3
det A  5 1 1 1(9  8)  2(45  0)  3(40  0)
0 8 9
1  90  120 31
2 1 3
det B  1 5 1 2(45  0)  1(9  8)  3(0  40)
8 0 9
90  1  120  31
Evaluate det A where
1 2 3 4
2 
3 4 1
A 
3 4 1 2
 
4 1 2 3
Evaluate the determinant of
the matrix
4 2 5 10 
1 1 6 3 
A 
7 3 0 5
 
0 2 5 8
R2  ( 4) R1 , R3  ( 7) R1
1 1 6 3
0  2  19 2

0  4  42  16
0 2 5 8
R2  ( 2) R1 , R3  ( 1) R1
1 19 2
( 2) 0 4 12
0  14 6
Expand from Ist column
4 12
 2
 14 6
=-2(24+168)=-384
Without expansion, show that
x a  x bc
x b  x c  a 0
x c  x a b
1 1 bc
x(a  b  c) 1 1 c  a 0
1 1 a b
Evaluate 2 3 1 0 1
1 1 3 1 2
A 2 1 2 3 4
3 2 1 1 2
4 1 1 0 0
C  9C , C  3C
2 1 3 1
1 0 0
 4  23 5
10  64  13
expand from Ist row
-23 -5
=-  (299  320) 21
-64 -13
An Algorithm to Evaluate
the Determinant
1. By an interchange of rows
of A (and taking the
resulting sign into account)
bring a non zero entry to
(1,1) the position (unless
all the entries in the first
column are zero in which
case det A=0).
2. By adding suitable
multiples of the first row to
all the other rows, reduce the
(n-1) entries, except (1,1) in
the first column, to 0.
Expand det(A) by its first
column. Repeat this
process. Or continue the
following steps.
3. Repeat step 1 and step 2
with the last remaining
rows concentrating on the
second column.
4. Repeat step 1,step2 and
step 3 with the remaining
(n-2) rows, (n-3) rows and
so on, until a triangular
matrix is obtained.
5. Multiply all the diagonal
entries of the resulting
triangular matrix and then
multiply it by its sign to get
det(A).
Compute det A, where
 1 4 2 
 
A   2 8  9 
  1 7 0 
 2 8 6 8 
 3  9 5 10 
A  
  3 0 1  2
 
 1 4 0 6 
Show that
x 2 2 2
2 x 2 2 3
( x  6)( x  2)
2 2 x 2
2 2 2 x
1 2 2 2
0 x 2 0 0
( x  6)
0 0 x 2 0
0 0 0 x 2
Suppose that a square matrix
A has been reduced to an
echelon form U by row
replacements and row
interchanges. If there are r
interchanges, then
r
det A ( 1) det U
       
0   
 0   

U  U 
0 0   0 0  
   
0 0 0  0 0 0 0
det U 0 det U 0
(Typical echelon forms of
the square matrices)
(-1)r .(Product of pivots in U) When A is invertible
detA = 
0 When A is not invertible
 3  1 2  5
 0 5  3  6
A  
 6 7  7 4 
 
 5  8 0 9 
 0 1 2  1
 2 5 7 3 
A  
 0 3 6 2
 
  2  5 4  2
If A is an n x n matrix, then
det AT = det A.
Note: We can perform operations

on the columns of a matrix in a
way analogous to the row
operations we have considered.
1 4 1
det A  2 1 2 1(3  2)  4(6  6)  1(2  3)
3 1 3
1  0  1 0
1 2 3
det At  4 1 1 1(3  2)  2(12  1)  3(8  1)
1 2 3
1  22  21 0
If A and B are n x n matrices,
then
det( AB) (det A)(det B)
 6 1  4 3
A   and B  
 3 2   1 2 
 6 1   4 3   25 20 
AB      
 3 2  1 2   14 13 
det AB 25.13  20.14

325  280 45
(det A)(det B) (9) (5) 45 det AB
Compute the following
determinant in as few steps
as possible.
1 3 1 2
2 5 1 2
0 4 5 1
3 10  6 8

Lecture 18

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 18

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 18

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Let A be a square matrix.

If a multiple of one row of A is

a11  ka21 a12  ka22 a13  ka23 a11 a12 a13

Note: We can perform operations

det AB 25.13  20.14

You might also like