Paint and Varnishes

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
ENGINEER SAYED NOSHAD ALI

Paint and Varnishes
Topic covered
• Introduction
• Composition of oil paint
• Manufacture of oil paint
• Plastic emulsion paints
• Distempers
• Varnishes
• Lacquers and enamels
• Use
• Method of application
Introduction
• Paints can be defined as: “A liquid solution

of pigment ( coloring material ) and solvent, which
is applied on different surfaces for decorative or
protective reasons.
• Or
• paint can also be defined as it is a fluid use to coat
surfaces in order to give them good appearance
and protection
Introduction
• Paint can be used to coat exterior or interior wall,

timber or metal.
• They are usually applied in layers as priming coat,
first coat (also called under coat) and second coat
(also called final coat) to provide good finish and
durability.
• Paints are classified as oil paints, water paints,
cement paint, bituminous paint and special paint such
as fire proof paint, luminous paint, chlorinated
rubber paints etc.
Composition of an oil paint
• The term oil paint is commonly used for all paints

consisting of pigments and extenders ground into a
vehicle with driers added to accelerate rate of drying.
• The consistency of these paints depends on the type of

vehicle and the vehicle/ solid ratio. They are the
earliest type of paints.
Ingredients /Composition of an oil paint
• Base
• Vehicle
• Pigments
• Driers
• Thinner
Composition of paint
• Base.
• It forms the base of the paint and is made of oxides of
zinc, iron, base makes the paint hard after application
and adds resistance to weathering base binds the
components such as pigments together and impart
toughness gloss and flexibility to paint .
• Vehicle.
• it helps to mix the various ingredients use in the paint
the vehicles are the liquids substances which hold the
ingredients of a paint in liquid suspension and allow
them to be applied on the surface to be painted
linseed oil, tung oil and Nut oil are used as vehicles in
paint.
• Pigments. Pigments are use to hide the surface

imperfection and to impart the desired color they
protect the paint film by reflecting the destructive
ultra violet light .
• Driers. are also known as plasticizers are chemicals
added to paint for specific purposes. The quantity of
driers are limited to 8%.
• Thinner. Thinner reduces the viscosity of paint and

make it smooth addition of thinner to paint allows it
to penetrate the porous surface for smooth
appearance .
Water paint
• White wash, colour-wash and distemper are classed

as water paints. These are discussed as follows.
• White wash and colour wash
• Fresh lime with water is mixed thoroughly with water
in a tub and then screened through a fine, clean
cloth. Thereafter glue, dissolved in water, is added to
it the surface is cleaned and the white wash is applied
with jute brushes.
• A white wash when mixed with colouring pigment
such as yellow earth is called colour wash. they are
generally use for low and medium class houses
Distemper
• The basic constituent of Distemper Paint is chalk, lime, and water.

Distemper Paint is also known as cement paint. This is called so
because such kind of paint can be applied directly on cement walls
without any other coating on them without using the primer. They
are a cheaper option and they stay good for more than 3 to 4 years.
Distemper Paints are used for both interior and exterior walls by
painters in Bangalore. They usually need two coatings. There are
three types of Distemper Paint available in market Acrylic
Distemper Paint, Synthetic Distemper Paint and UNO Acrylic
Distemper Paint.
Varnish
• Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or

film primarily used in wood finishing but also for
other materials.
• Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil,
a resin, and a thinner or solvent.
• Varnish finishes are usually glossy but may be
designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the
addition of "flatting" agents.
Why varnishing is done
• To intensify or brighten the appearance of natural

grains in wood.
• To render brilliancy to the painted surface
• To protect painted surface from atmosphere action
• To protect unpainted wooden surfaces of doors,
windows, roof trusses, floors etc from atmospheric
action.
Types of varnish
• Oil varnishes
• Sprit varnishes
• Terpentine varnishes
• Water varnishes
Plastic emulsion paint
• Emulsion Paint typically consists of pigment, resin,

solvent, and additives.
• Emulsion Paint is water based paint.
• As compared to oil-based paint, working with
Emulsion Paint is far better.
• Many homeowners find it efficient and suitable for
their home. There are many benefits of applying
Emulsion Paint on walls like it’s easy to clean and
maintain and it avoids the potential odors that come
from the oil-based paints.
Plastic emulsion paint
• Types: Plastic emulsion paint shall be of two types:

Type 1 for interior use, and
• Type 2 for exterior use.
• Class: There shall be following four classes of
products:
• Matt finish,
• Egg shell/satin finish,
• Semi-glossy finish, and
• Glossy finish.
Lacquer paint
• Lacquer-based paint was a popular type of paint

from the mid 1920s to 1960s.
• It was typically used to cover hard wearing surfaces
like auto bodies and furniture. Lacquer paint is
difficult to work with and requires sanding between
coats and about four to six coats on automobiles.
• This is still found and commonly used by many. These
paints are soft and do not have many chemicals.
Enamel paint
• Enamels consists of bases like zinc oxide, extra

ground in varnish.
• They dry quickly and furnish a hard glossy surface
• Enamel can be used for interior as well as external
works and are generally recommended for
application on wood work
• These are acid resistant not affected by alkalis, gases
and are water proof
To demonstrate suitable construction materials for
surface
treatment
• Finishing Materials
• (in construction), materials and items used to improve the servic
e and decorative qualities of buildings and structures, as wellas t
o protect structural members from atmospheric and other effects.
• The main finishing materials in modern construction

include finishing mortars and concretes; natural and artificial ma
sonry materials; decorative ceramics; materials and items
made from wood, paper, glass, plastic, and metals; and paints an
d varnishes.
• Finishing materials are usually designed for interior or exterior fi
nishing; some materials are used for both (for example ,natural d
ecorative stone, ceramic materials, and architectural glass).
To demonstrate suitable construction materials for surface
treatment
• special group consists of materials and items for

covering floors, which must meet a number of specific require
ments (negligible wear, high impact strength, and so on).
• Finishing materials also include acoustic materials, which are
used simultaneously as sound-
absorbing coatings and as adecorative finish for the interiors o
f theaters, concert halls, and motion-picture theaters.
To demonstrate suitable construction materials for surface
treatment
• Facing materials, which are produced in the form of sheets, sl

abs, and tiles (forexample, asbestos-
cement sheets, Stemalit, ceramic mosaic slabs and tiles, and de
corative laminated-
paper plastic) andwhich are generally distinguished by their go
od service and architectural qualities. Under modern industrial
constructionconditions it is expedient to produce the facing du
ring the manufacture of prefabricated units and to deliver the u
nits to theassembly point with finished surfaces (for example,
ceramic mosaic tiles are laid in a form and concreted together
with thewall panels or staircase landings)

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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

ENGINEER SAYED NOSHAD ALI

• Paints can be defined as: “A liquid solution

• Paint can be used to coat exterior or interior wall,

• The term oil paint is commonly used for all paints

• The consistency of these paints depends on the type of

• Pigments. Pigments are use to hide the surface

• Thinner. Thinner reduces the viscosity of paint and

• White wash, colour-wash and distemper are classed

• The basic constituent of Distemper Paint is chalk, lime, and water.

• Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or

• To intensify or brighten the appearance of natural

• Emulsion Paint typically consists of pigment, resin,

• Types: Plastic emulsion paint shall be of two types:

• Lacquer-based paint was a popular type of paint

• Enamels consists of bases like zinc oxide, extra

• The main finishing materials in modern construction

• special group consists of materials and items for

• Facing materials, which are produced in the form of sheets, sl

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