Volcanic Eruptions

A Q U Z S T R O M B O L I A N
N S M Z N Y T I S O C S I V O
R X H C A L D E R A B I Q O I
H Y D R O T H E R M A L Y L T
A M G A M P H R E A T I C C P
P Q V P L I N I A N S C X A U
N A I N A C L U V Y Q A V N R
L B O E V I S O L P X E G O E
W O L F C I T S A L C O R Y P
P H R E A T O M A G M A T I C
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students are
expected to:
• explain what happens when a volcano
erupts;
• enumerate the different types of volcanic
eruption; and
• demonstrate measures to undertake before,
during, and after volcanic eruption.
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
Presented by Lovely Mae
Marbebe
Volcanic Eruption
• The components
within the Earth
such as hot lava,
rocks, dust when
coming out of a
volcano in the form
of explosion
The primary factors affecting the volcanoes’
eruptive style are:
1. Magma’s temperature
• The viscosity of magma decreases

with temperature.
• The higher the temperature is, the
lower the viscosity is.
eruptive style are:
2. Chemical Composition
• Magma with high silica content is more

viscous than those with low silica
content.
• The magma that contains less silica is
relatively fluid and travels far before
eruptive style are:
3. Amount of dissolved gases
• Gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in

magma tends to increase its ability to
flow.
• The loss of gases makes magma more
viscous, forming a dome or a columnar.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Phreatic
• hydrothermal - is a stream-
driven eruption as the hot
rocks come in contact with
water
• short-lived, characterized by
ash columns but maybe an
onset of a larger eruption
Taal Volcano in Batangas

Phreatomagmatic
• is a violent eruption due to the contact
between water and magma
• a large column of very fine ash and high-speed
and sideway emission of pyroclastics called
base surges are observed
Strombolian
• a periodic weak to violent
eruption characterized by
fountain lava
• Strombolian eruption has
explosions due to lava
fragments.
Irazu Volcano in Costa

Rica
Vulcanian
• characterized by tall
eruption columns that reach
up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall
tephra
• eruptions last for a short
period of time
Paricutin Volcano in
Mexico
Plinian
• excessively explosive
type of eruption of gas
and pyroclastics
• Plinian eruptions reach
up to 20-35 km.
Pinatubo Volcano in
Zambales
List of Volcanic Eruptions in the Philippines
NAME DATE ERUPTION TYPE
Bulusan June 2022 Phreatic
Taal July 2021 Phreatomagmatic Bursts
Taal January 2020 Hydrovolcanic (phreatic, phreatomagmatic,
hydrothermal)
Mayon January 2018 Strombolian
Kanlaon December 2017 Phreatic
Bulusan March 2017 Phreatic
June 2017
Bulusan December 2016 Phreatic
September 2016
October 2016
Kanlaon March 2016 Phreatic
Bulusan June 2016 Phreatic
Bulusan February 2016 Phreatic
Kanlaon December 2015 Phreatic
November 2015
Bulusan May 2015 Phreatic
June 2015
July 2015
Mayon August 2014 Lava Dome
May 2013 Phreatic
Bulusan January 2011 Phreatic
November 2010
Mayon November 2009 Strombolian
Mayon July 2006 Strombolian
Kanlaon June 2006 Phreatic
Kanlaon January 2005 Phreatic
March 2003
November 2002
Mayon June 2001 Strombolian-Vulcanian
February 2000
Kanlaon August 1996 Phreatic
November 1994
Mayon February 1993 Strombolian-Vulcanian
Kanlaon August 1993 Phreatic
Pinatubo July 1992 Dome building, Phreatic
Kanlaon January 1992 Phreatic
Pinatubo June 1991 Plinian
Preparing for
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena,
thus, preparation and readiness are important
practices to undertake.
Before a Volcanic Eruption
• Be aware. Prioritize the safety of the children and the
elders. Take them to farther places away from the
volcano.
• Prepare all necessary things such as food, medicine,
water, blanket, and clothing and secure important
documents that you need to bring if the authorities
require you to evacuate.
• Prepare other life-saving devices such as cellphones,
flashlights, whistle and gas masks as volcanic eruptions
are accompanied by ashfalls and other pyroclastic
material.
During a Volcanic Eruption
If you are outdoors:

• Seek shelter indoors and cover, especially when there
is rock fall. Avoid low-lying places as lahar and lava
flows are more likely to run down through that area.
• If you can drive rather than walk, use your vehicle to
evacuate. Keep all windows closed while driving and
be aware of unusual hazards along the road.
During a Volcanic Eruption
If you are indoors:
• Close all windows, doors, fireplace and other house
openings. Monitor alert levels via television or battery-
operated radio transistors in case of power loss. Cover
your nose and mouth with masks to avoid inhaling
ash.
• Bring pets and livestock into closed shelter - their
safety is also one of our concerns. Stay inside your
house unless the authorities tell you to evacuate.
After a Volcanic Eruption
• Check the entire house, the walls, the roofs and
electrical wirings; earthquakes, increased
temperature, and other volcanic-related activities
might affect the stability of the building.
• Wear a mask when cleaning the house to avoid
inhalation of ash and volcanic debris. Wait for further
announcement before transporting your family back to
your house.

Volcanic Eruptions

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A Q U Z S T R O M B O L I A N

• The viscosity of magma decreases

• Magma with high silica content is more

3. Amount of dissolved gases

• Gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in

Taal Volcano in Batangas

Irazu Volcano in Costa

If you are outdoors:

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