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    3 2D Transformation

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    3 2D Transformation

    Uploaded by

    Ivy Wanjiru
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    9 views14 pages

    3 2D Transformation

    Uploaded by

    Ivy Wanjiru

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 14

    BIT 2107

    Computer Graphics

    Lesson3: 2D Transformations

    Lucy W. Mburu, Ph.D


    Coordinate Systems

     The use of coordinate systems is fundamental


    to computer graphics
     Coordinate systems are used to describe the
    locations of points in space

    3.2
    What is Transformation?
     Transformation means changing
    some objects, primitives or graphics by
    applying rules.
     There exist various types of transformations,
    such as:
     translation,
     scaling up or down,
     rotation,
     shearing, etc.
     When a transformation occurs on a 2D
    plane, it is called 2D transformation.
    3.3
    Translations
     This involves moving an object.
     We translate a point by adding to the x and y
    coordinates, respectively, the amount the point should
    be shifted in the x and y directions.
     We translate an object by translating each vertex in
    the object.

    P2 = P 1 + T
    Ty

    P1 = ( x1 ) T = ( tx )
    Tx ( y1 ) ( ty )

    P2 = (x1 + tx)
    3.4
    (y1 + ty)
    Scaling
     Scaling is a transformation that changes the size of
    an object. We scale an object by scaling the x and y
    coordinates of each vertex in the object.
    P’ = P . S

    P = ( x1 ) S = (sx 0)
    ( y1 ) (0 sy)

    P’ = (x1sx)
    (y1sy)

    3.5
    Scaling - Example
     Consider a square (0,0) (2,0) (0,2) (2,2) that has been scaled by 2 in
    the x direction and by 3 in the y direction. Find the new coordinates
     Parameters involved: sx, sy, (x,y), (x’,y’)
     x’ = x * sx
     y’ = y* sy

    3.6
    Rotation
     "Rotation" means turning around a center:
     The distance from the center to any point on the
    shape stays the same.
     Every object involved in rotation must make
    a circle around the center:

    3.7
    Rotation About the Origin
     To rotate a line or polygon, we must rotate each of its
    vertices.
     To rotate point (x1,y1) to point (x2,y2)
    we observe:

    From the illustration we know that:

    3.8
    Rotation - Example
     It is easier to see change in triangles using rotation
    (than e.g., square geometries)
     Consider a triangle with the points (0,0(1,0)(1,1)
    rotated 90°in anticlockwise manner. What will be the
    new coordinates?

    NB: Sin 90° = 1, Cos 90° = 0

    3.9
    Shear
     A shear is a transformation that slants the shape of an
    object. Also called Skewing.
     There are two shear transformations:
     X-Shear: preserves the Y coordinate and changes are
    made to X coordinates causing the vertical lines to tilt right
    or left .
     Y-Shear: preserves the X coordinates and changes the Y
    coordinates which causes the horizontal lines to transform
    into lines which slopes up or
     However; in both the cases only one coordinate changes
    its coordinates and other preserves its values.

    3.10
    Shears

    3.11
    Reflections
     A reflection is the mirror image of original object.
     It is a rotation operation with 180.
     The reflection has the same size as the original Mirror Line
    image
     The central line is called the Mirror line

     The following figures show reflections with respect to X and


    Y axes, and about the origin respectively.

    3.12
    Reflections

    Reflection about the y-axis Reflection about the x-


    axis
    -1 0 0 1 0 0
    0 1 0 0 -1 0
    0 0 1 0 0 1

    3.13
    More Reflections

    Reflection about the origin Reflection about the line y =


    x
    -1 0 0 0 1 0
    0 -1 0 1 0 0
    0 0 1 0 0 1

    3.14

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