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    Introduction To DBMS, DB Application, Purpose of DB

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    Introduction To DBMS, DB Application, Purpose of DB

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    Rakshak Ponnarasan
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    10 views24 pages

    Introduction To DBMS, DB Application, Purpose of DB

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    Rakshak Ponnarasan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Database

    Manageme
    V.SENTHILKUMAR
    AP II/CSE
    KSI

    nt System
    Course Outcomes (COs)

    CO1: Construct ER Model for a given database application. [K3,


    S3]
    CO2: Design relational schema using database design principles.
    [K3, S2]
    CO3: Identify the Key Constraints for relations and devise queries
    using SQL. [K4, S3]
    CO4: Apply indexing techniques to access and generate user
    reports for a database. [K3, S2]
    CO5: Building Web Applications using PHP & MySQL. [K5, S3]
    CO6: Illustrate the concepts for transaction processing and
    concurrency control for RDBMS. [K3, S2]
    REFERENCES

    Abraham Silberschatz, Henry Korth, and S. Sudarshan, “Database System Concepts”, Sixth
    Edition, McGraw-Hill.2011.

    R. Elmasri and S. Navathe, “Fundamentals of Database Systems”, Sixth Edition, Pearson


    Education, 2011.

    Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, Database Management Systems, 3nd Edition,


    McGraw Hill, 2003.

    Thomas M. Connolly and Carolyn E. Begg, “Database Systems - A Practical Approach to


    Design, Implementation and Management”, Fifth edition, Pearson Education, 2010.

    C.J.Date, A.Kannan and S.Swamynathan, “An Introduction to Database Systems”, Eighth


    Edition, Pearson Education, 2006.
    Introduction
     Database:
     Collection of related data
     Information relevant to an enterprise

     DBMS:
     Collection of interrelated data
     Set of programs to access those data

     Primary Goal:
     Store and retrieve database information
     Convenient and efficient.

     Database systems:
     Defining structures for storage
     Mechanism for manipulation
     Safety and security
    Data, Information and
    Knowledge
     Data – Raw facts
     Information – Collection of related data
     Knowledge – Facts or information gained by experience

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsP5WGv0aQc
    What is Data?
     Data is an unprocessed set of inputs,
    which is not self-explanatory. We need
    to comprehend the idea of data. Data
    is a collection of facts about the object
    of interest.
     For e.g. data about a student would
    include information like name,
    address, roll no, subjects, marks etc.
     Software Applications need to store
    data as it is required to answer
    questions like e.g. how many students
    have scored above 90? Data is also
    required to convey a story e.g. how a
    student is categorized as Top
    Performer?
    Requirements from data?
    Software Applications that utilizes data are relied upon to meet a few necessities of end-users. Let us take
    the example of a Facebook application.
    Data… Information …
    Knowledge
    Data Information Knowledge
     8.7  8.7-19BCS125  19BCS125-A+ Grade
     9.7  9.7-19BCS130  19BCS130-O
     7.2  7.2-19BCS129  19BCS129 B
    6  6-19BCS200  19BCS200C
     4.4  4.4-19BCS201  19BCS201F
    DBMS
    Database-System
    Applications
     Enterprise Information
     Sales
     Accounting
     Human resources
     Manufacturing
     Online retailers

     Banking and Finance


     Banking
     Credit card transactions
     Finance

     Universities
     Airlines
     Telecommunication
    What is data?
     Manipulate data

    Purpose of  Update the data

    Database  Update the data format

    Systems  Example:
     Adding new course in a University
     File processing system in OS – Conventional
    system
     Information of Instructors, Students,
    department and course offering.
     To manipulate the information- need no of
    application programs.
     Extra burden - Add new courses, new rules
    to organization.
    Purpose of  Result- More files and application programs.
    DBMS
     Example: Add new students, instructor,
    course
     Register students for courses

     Assign grade to students, computer CGPA,


    Generate Mark sheet.
    Database
    Systems
     A Database is a shared collection
    of logically related data and
    description of these data, designed
    to meet the information needs of
    an organization.
     A Database Management
    System(DBMS) is a software
    system that enables users to
    define, create, maintain, and
    control access to the database.
    Database Systems typically have
    high costs and require high-end
    hardware configurations.
     An Application
    Program communicates with a
    database by issuing an appropriate
    request (typically a SQL statement)
    Advantage of File
    Processing System

    Cost Ease of
    Scalability
    friendly use
    Disadvantage of File
    Processing System
    Data
    Concurrent-
    Unstructured Difficulty in redundancy
    access
    data accessing data and
    anomalies
    inconsistency

    Integrity Security Atomicity


    Data isolation
    problem problems problems
    Functions
    of DBMS
     Database Management Systems
    offers several functions that help
    us overcome problems associated
    with file-based systems
     . We will focus on Data
    Management, Integrity,
    Transaction and Concurrency in
    this course. Security, Recovery and
    Utilities are out of scope for this
    introductory-level course.
    Need for DBMS over FPS
     Data Redundancy – Unnecessary repetition of data[Record stud. Info. By each
    instructor].
     i.e the same information may be duplicated in several places (files).
     Data Inconsistency- the various copies of the same data may no longer agree.
     The data across different places and not in common.[Changed info of stud. Not
    reflected elsewhere in the system]
     Data Isolation - Scatter different geographical location and different places with
    different formats.
     writing new application programs to retrieve the appropriate data is difficult.
     Integrity problem – The data values stored in the database must satisfy certain
    types of consistency constraints.[bank balance, limit, Password protection with
    different mixing]
     Developers append these constraints in the system by adding appropriate code in
    the various application programs.
     when new constraints are added, it is difficult to change the programs to enforce
    them.
    Need for DBMS over FPS
    Cont.,
     Atomicity Problem – The funds transfer[inconsistence] must
    be atomic—it must happen in its entirety or
     not at all[consistence].
     DBMS ensure the transaction is completely atomic –rollback
    the subsystem problem
     Concurrent Access Anomalies - Interaction of concurrent
    updates is possible and may result in inconsistent data.
     the system must maintain some form of supervision.
     Security- Not every user of the database system should be
    able to access all the data.
     DBMS gives grant different viewing privileges to different
    users.
    QUIZ

    1.A Database Management System is


    a.Collection of interrelated data
    b.Collection of programs to access data

    2. DBMS is an interface between


    a.Database and User
    b. Database application and Database
    c. Database and SQL
    d. Data and Database
     3. Which of the following are disadvantages of file system to store data? [Choose
    any THREE]
    a. Data redundancy and inconsistency
    b. Difficulty in fetching data
    c. Data isolation is not present
    d. High Cost

    4. Which of the following features are provided by DBMS? [Choose ALL that apply]
    e. Maintain accuracy of data
    f. Utilities for performance analysis and logging
    g. Ensure modifications are successful or not done at all
    h. Recovery mechanism for data
    5. Which of the following is an advantage of database management approach?
    a. Data is dependent on programs
    b. Data redundancy increases
    c. Data can be accessed by multiple programs
    d. Multiple users cannot access data concurrently

    6. Which of the following features are provided by DBMS? [Choose any TWO]
    a.Protect data from system crash
    b. Low cost and run on commodity hardware
    c. Authorized access
    d. Application Dependence on storage mechanism

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