Scribd
Upload
20 views16 pages

Rate of Reaction

Uploaded by

raissayamen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views16 pages

Rate of Reaction

Uploaded by

raissayamen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

RATE OF REACTION

OBJECTIVES

• Define a catalyst

• Describe experiments to investigate the effects of changes in the surface area of a solid, the
concentration of a solution, the temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction.

• Describe the effects of changes in the surface area of a solid, the concentration of a solution, the
pressure of a gas, the temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction.

• Explain the effects of changes in the surface area of a solid, the concentration of a solution, the
pressure of a gas and the temperature on the rate of a reaction in terms of particle collision theory.
Know that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction, but is chemically
unchanged at the end of the reaction.
What is rate?
• Rate is a measure of how fast or slow something is, Rate is a measure of the change that
happens in a single unit of time (seconds, minute and hour even a day)
What is a catalyst?
• It is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the end of the
reaction.
• We will look at factors that EFFECT the rate of reactions.
• There are three things that can effect the rate of reaction
• Concentration (By changing Concentration)
• Temperature (By changing Temperature)
• Surface Area (By changing Surface area)
• Using a Catalyst
Effect of concentration
• Increasing the concentration of a solution increases the collision rate.

• This is because there will be more reactant particles per unit volume, causing more frequent collisions so there are more
successful collisions per second, increasing the rate of reaction.

•Increasing the concentration means there are more particles per cm3, so there is less space between the particles
•Since there are more particles then it follows that there are more frequent collisions, increasing colllision rate and so the rate
of the reaction increases
Effect of Temperature
Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction

•This is because the particles will have more energy and move faster, therefore there will be a greater
collision rate
•Also, a higher proportion of particles will have greater than the required activation energy, and therefore
have sufficient energy to react, meaning there will be more successful collisions per second, increasing
the reaction rate

Diagram showing the effect of temperature on particles


• Particles need to have sufficient energy to react when they collide
• This is called the activation energy
• At low temperatures only a small number of particles will have the required activation energy so
the reaction will be slow
• At higher temperatures the particles have more kinetic energy so they move faster and with more
energy
• The collisions are therefore more energetic, and there are then a greater number of particles with
sufficient energy to react, so the rate of reaction increases
Surface area
Increasing the surface area of a solid increases the collision rate

•This is because more of the solid particles will be exposed to the other reactant so there will be more frequent
collisions and therefore more successful collisions per second, increasing the rate of reaction

A single 2 cm length cube has a surface area of 2 x 2 x 6 =


24cm2. Cutting it into 8 x 1cm cubes means it now has a
surface area of 1 x 1 x 6 x 8 = 48cm2
Using a Catalyst

• Catalysts (including enzymes) create alternative reaction pathways which have a lower activation
energy

• This means that more collisions will have sufficient energy to be successful

• When a catalyst is used, the rate of reaction will increase


Energy level diagram
showing the effect of the
use of a catalyst on the
activation energy
Explosive combustion

• As you’ve seen you can increase the rate of reaction by increasing the
concentration, temperature and the surface area of solid reactant.
• In some situation an increase in any of these can lead to a dangerously fast
reaction. you can get an Explosion .
• Explosive combustion occurs when there are many fine particles in the air
• Many industrial processes such as metal working, coal mining or flour milling
produce very fine and tiny particles
• These particles have a very large surface area and are combustible in air
• Even a small spark may cause them to ignite and since the surface area is so large,
the rate of reaction can be incredibly fast, hence they are explosive
• Methane gas mixed with air in coal mines can also form an explosive mixture

You might also like