Unit 4 DLT

Data Science
Fundamentals and
Responsibilities of
a Data Scientist
Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific
methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge
and insights from structured and unstructured data. In simpler
terms, data science is about obtaining, processing, and analyzing
data to gain insights for many purposes.
S
Why is Data Science Important?
1 Data Volume 2 Value-Creation
The rise of digital Data science is not just about
technologies has led to an analyzing data; it's about
explosion of data. Every interpreting and using this
online transaction, social data to make informed
media interaction, and digital business decisions, predict
process generates data. This future trends, understand
data is valuable only if we can customer behavior, and drive
extract meaningful insights operational efficiency.
from it.
3 Career Options
The field of data science offers lucrative career opportunities. With
the increasing demand for professionals who can work with data,
jobs in data science are among the highest paying in the industry.
Data Scientist Role and Responsibilities
1 Ask the Right Questions

Begin the discovery process by asking the right questions to understand the business goals and how data can be used to achieve them.
2 Acquire Data
Gather data from various sources, such as databases, Excel files, text files, APIs, web scraping, or real-time data streams.
3 Process and Clean Data

Clean and transform raw data into a suitable format for analysis, handling missing or inconsistent data, removing duplicates, normalization, and data type conversions.
4 Integrate and Store Data

Integrate and store data in an appropriate format for quick retrieval and processing, ensuring secure and efficient storage.
5 Initial Data Investigation

Conduct initial data investigation and exploratory data analysis to understand the data's patterns, characteristics, and potential anomalies.
6 Choose Models and Algorithms

Select one or more potential models and algorithms based on the project's objectives and the nature of the data.
7 Apply Data Science Techniques

Apply data science techniques, such as machine learning, statistical modeling, and artificial intelligence, to analyze the data and derive insights.
8 Measure and Improve Results

Measure the performance of the models and algorithms, identify areas for improvement, and iterate on the process to optimize results.
9 Present Final Results

Present the final results to stakeholders, communicating the insights in a clear, concise, and compelling manner.
10 Make Adjustments
The Data Science Lifecycle
Data Collection and Storage Data Preparation Exploration and Visualization
Collect data from various sources, Clean and transform raw data into Explore the prepared data to
such as databases, Excel files, text a suitable format for analysis. This understand its patterns,
files, APIs, web scraping, or even phase includes handling missing or characteristics, and potential
real-time data streams. The type inconsistent data, removing anomalies. Techniques like
and volume of data collected duplicates, normalization, and data statistical analysis and data
largely depend on the problem type conversions. visualization summarize the data's
you’re addressing. main characteristics, often with
visual methods.
Experimentation and
Prediction
Data scientists use machine learning algorithms and statistical
models to identify patterns, make predictions, or discover insights
in this phase. The goal here is to derive something significant from
the data that aligns with the project's objectives, whether
predicting future outcomes, classifying data, or uncovering hidden
patterns.
Data Storytelling and
Communication
The final phase involves interpreting and communicating the
results derived from the data analysis. It's not enough to have
insights; you must communicate them effectively, using clear,
concise language and compelling visuals. The goal is to convey
these findings to non-technical stakeholders in a way that
influences decision-making or drives strategic initiatives.
Python
Python is one of the greatest options available to you — you’ll be
able to manage the entire data analysis workflow with only that
programming language, if that's your goal. According to Stack
Overflow, Python is currently the most popular programming
language in the world, which makes it worth learning.
R
Similar to Python, R is a famous programming language for
working with data — it’s mostly recognized for its scientific and
statistical applications. When programming in R, you can use
various packages, which will provide you with great flexibility for
performing data science activities.
Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter notebooks are web-based interfaces for running everything
from simple data manipulation to complex data science projects,
including creating data visualization and documentation.
Maintained by the Project Jupyter organization, Jupyter notebooks
support Python, R, and the Julia programming language.
SQL
Once you start to know your way around the data analysis
workflow, you’ll occasionally realize the need to interact with
databases, which is where most of the data you’ll use will come
from, especially in a professional environment. Most databases
consist of numerous tables containing data about multiple aspects
of the business you’re dealing with that connect to each other,
creating a huge data ecosystem.

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Data Science

1 Ask the Right Questions

3 Process and Clean Data

4 Integrate and Store Data

5 Initial Data Investigation

6 Choose Models and Algorithms

7 Apply Data Science Techniques

8 Measure and Improve Results

9 Present Final Results

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