Physical and Chemical

Changes

of Matter
What is “Change”?
It is the act of altering a
substance.

An event, NOT a trait.

Before condition  After condition.

Can be PHYSICAL or CHEMICAL.

ATURAL CHANGE MAN MADE CHANGE

ater cycle

hange of season

rowth of plants

hange of day and night

unrise and sunset

CHANGES AROUND US

1.Mixing of substances:
1.Example: - Consider a beaker containing
copper sulphate solution and put a bar of
magnesium. After some time we will see
copper sulphate solution changes to white. A
chemical reaction takes place:-
Mg + CuSO4 --> MgSO4 + Cu
The colour of solution changes to colourless as the
colour of magnesium sulphate is colourless and the
colour of magnesium bar changes to blue
ESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE
HANGE CHANGE
Question 1:
To walk through a waterlogged area, you usually shorten the
length of your dress by folding it. Can this change be
reversed?
Answer:
Yes, it can be reversed by unfolding the dress.

Question 2:
You accidentally dropped your favourite toy and broke it. This
is a change you did not want. Can this change be reversed?
Answer:
No, it cannot be reversed, so it is an irreversible change.
2. Chemical change: A chemical change is a permanent
change in which not .
only the physical properties but chemical properties also
change. It is an irreversible change. For example,
formation of curd from milk, rusting of iron, etc.

QUESTION 3
Most physical changes are reversible. Give
reasons with two examples.
Answer:
1.Melting of ice: During this change, the water
changes from its solid form to liquid form. It
can be solidified again. The water remains
water in both cases, hence reversible.
2.Glowing of an electric bulb: During this
change, electricity is passed through the
tungston filament which becomes white hot
and glows, but when the switch is off, the
filament returns to its original shape and
Question 4:
Some changes are listed in the following table.
For each change, write in the blank column, whether the change can
be reversed or not.
 Question 5:
A drawing sheet changes when you draw a picture on it. Can you reverse
this change?
Answer:
If the picture is drawn with a pencil, then it can be erased; hence change
can be reversed. But if the picture is drawn with colours,
the change cannot be reversed.
swer:
amples of Reversible Changes:
elting of Ice into
Question 6: water. By freezing the water we can obtain ice again.
olding
Givea examples
paper: Bytounfolding
explain theit,difference
we can undo thechanges
between change.that can or
ot milk
cannotto cold milk: By boiling milk, we can make it warm.
be reversed.
ample of Irreversible Changes:
urning of candle.
ursting of crackers.
utting of trees
QUESTION 7
What are the differences
between reversible changes and
irreversible changes?

Answer:
Reversible
The changes
differences between Irreversible changes
reversible changes and
1. A change
irreversible which
changes: 1. A change which
can be undone or cannot be undone or
reversed. reversed.
2. It is a temporary 2. It is a permanent
change. change.
3. Melting and 3. Burning and cooking
folding are examples of food are examples of
of it. it.
QUESTION 8
How does curd set? Is this change reversible?
Answer:
A small quantity of curd is added to warm milk. The milk is stirred and
is set aside undisturbed for a few hours at a warm place. In a few
hours, the milk changes into curd.
Curd formed from milk cannot be changed into milk again. So, this is an
irreversible change.
QUESTION 9
Define physical and chemical changes. Give examples.
Answer:
1. Physical change: Physical change is a temporary change
in which chemical composition of the substance does not
change and no new substance is formed. During a physical
change, only the physical properties of a substance change.
It is a reversible change. For example, melting of ice, during this
change, the water changes from its solid form to liquid form. It can
be solidified again.The water remains water in both the cases.
Give some examples of changes
which take place on their own.
QUESTION 10
Explain how a metal rim slightly smaller than a wooden
wheel can be fixed on it.
Answer:
The metal rim is always made slightly smaller than the
wooden wheel. The metal rim is heated; on heating, the rim
expands and fits onto the wheel. Cold water is then poured
over the rim. Due to cooling, rim contracts and fits tightly
over the wheel.
HOTS
Q) A thick coating of a paste of Plaster of Paris (POP) is applied over
the bandage on a fractured bone.
It becomes hard on drying to keep the fractured bone immobilised.
Can the change in POP be reversed?
Answer:
No, the change in plaster of Paris cannot be reversed. When water is
added to POP, it undergoes a chemical change.
Its composition changes and is converted into another substance.
Since it is a chemical change, so it cannot be reversed:

Q) A bag of cement lying in the open gets wet due to rain during the
night. The next day the sun shines brightly.
Do you think the changes, which have occurred in the cement, could
be reversed?
Answer:
Due to water, cement hardens and its composition changes. Since it
is a chemical change therefore it cannot be reversed.
SELF ASSESSMENT
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
1.Changes that lead to the formation of new substances
are called ……………… .
2.If the removal of the cause of change leads to regain
the original situation, then the change is known as
………….. .
3.Burning of wood in a chulha is a tan change.
4.Melting of candle wax is a/an ……………………. change.
5.Heat is a form of …………. .
6.On cooling, liquid …………… into solid.
7.Conversion of a liquid to vapour by heating is called
………….. .
8.The changes which are controlled by man are called
………….. .
9.………… is a reversible change.
10.NO new substance is formed in …
UAE has many factories that
specializes in melting and
recasting iron…in
industries….what is the change
can you observe in that….???
Q) Why are there gaps between railway tracks?

The rails being made iron expand in

the heat of summer , the gaps provide
space for expansion.

Q) Why does milk overflow when

heated?

Due to heat , liquids expand.

LINK WITH OTHER
SUBJECT

GEOGRAPHY-
PAGE NUMBER 102 FROM THE TEXT BOOK
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

Write about an innovative machine to change irreversible

physical changes to reversible physical change. (according to
your imagination)
Concept map of the lesson
HANGES WHAT HAPPENED
TO THESE THINGS ?

earing of a paper Change in size and shape

hange of water to ice Change in the states of

matter
icking a foot ball Change in the position

aking a soup Change in the texture

lowing a balloon Change in size

Physical Change
 Does not alter the chemical composition
or identity of the substance, only the
form.

 Melting ice (change in state or phase)

 Freezing Kool-aid
 Tearing paper
 Boiling water (change in state or phase)
 Stretching silly putty
 Making a mixture (ex. Sugar water)
 Unmixing a mixture (ex. sorting)
What are the characteristics of the
physical changes?

1.It involves a change in……..

(page number 91)
2.
3.
4.
ssignment -1(write 5
xamples )
eversible physical Irreversible physical
hanges changes
Chemical Changes
 Does alter the chemical composition or
identity of a substance and makes new
substances.

 Burning paper
 Digesting food

 Rotting

 Iron reacting with oxygen gas

 A chemical change is also called a chemical

reaction.
Is it Physical or Chemical?

Change Physical Chemical

Melting cheese
Burning wood
Milk souring
Wadding up paper
Bicycle rusting
All Changes of Matter Involve Energy
being Tranfered and Transformed
 Energy always moves between the system
and the surroundings during changes of
matter.

System = the chemicals of interest

Surroundings = everything else (including
the beaker and thermometer)

 Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can

only be transferred from place to place and
transformed from type to type (Law of
Conservation of Energy).
Exothermic change - heat moves out
the the system into the surroundings.
The surroundings get hotter.

Surroundings
SystemSystem
Endothermic change – Heat moves into
the system from the surroundings, so
the surroundings gets colder!

Surroundings

System
 Changes of Matter Demos

 Magnesium + oxygen gas 

 Ammonium nitrate + water 

Law of Conservation of Mass (1789)

 Matter is never created or destroyed in

chemical reactions.
Mass of reactants = Mass of products
Why???
Because atoms are simply rearranged
in new ways in chemical reactions.
(LEGO analogy)
Parts of a Chemical
Reaction
Reactants  Products

Reactants: Substances that are

broken down by the chemical change.
Products: Substances created by the
chemical change.
 Means “Yields”
Which are the Evidences for
Chemical Reaction?
1) Evolution of light.
2) Temperature Change
3) Formation of a new Gas/Bubbles
4) Colour Changes.
5) Formation of a solid
precipitate.
Evidence for Chemical
Reaction
2) Temperature Change.
Evidence for Chemical
Reaction
3) Formation of a new Gas/Bubbles.
Evidence for Chemical
Reaction
4) Color Changes.
Evidence for Chemical
Reaction
5) Formation of a solid precipitate.
Chemical Reactions Produce New
Substance with New Properties

Ex. Iron Plus Oxygen Yields Rust

4 Fe (s) + 3O2 (g)  2 Fe2O3 (s)

Iron Oxygen Rust

Physical
Properties

Chemical
Properties

Mass 226 g 93 g 319 g

 States of Matter
 The 3 main states of matter: solid, liquid, gas.

 Changes in state are physical changes (no

change in composition).

 Temperature is caused by the vibrational

(kinetic) energy of atoms or molecules.

 As temperature increases, 1) solids turn to

liquids, and 2) liquids turn to gases.
States of Matter for H2O
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
 A theory that describes the differences between
the states of matter in terms of particle behavior

1) all matter is made of tiny particles (atoms,

molecules)
2) particles in matter are constantly moving
(vibrating) , except at absolute zero
3) The volume that matter occupies is mainly due
to the space between particles rather than the
particles themselves; the particles are very small
Kinetic Molecular Theory - Continued
4) In a solid, attractive forces hold the
particles close together, although they still
vibrate in positions.
5) In a liquid, the particles may move past
one another, particles motions are slightly
more random, and particles are spread out
slightly more than in the solid. Attractions
between particles are still important.
6) In a gas, particles are very spread out.
They move in straight line, random paths until
they collide elastically with each other or the
walls of the container. Attractive forces
between particles are negligible.
 Definite Definite Compressible?
Shape? Volume?
GAS N N Y
LIQUID N Y N
SOLID Y Y N
CHANGES OF STATE
REVERSIBLE IRRIVERSIBLE
CHANGES CHANGES
 THE 3 TEMPERATURE SCALES
Symbol Reference Points

Celsius C Water freezes at 0C;

Water boils at 100C.
Fahrenheit F Water freezes at 32F.
Body temp. = 98.6F.
Kelvin K Atoms and molecules
stop vibrating at 0 K
(absolute zero).
THE 3 TEMPERATURE SCALES
THE 3 TEMPERATURE SCALES
Tc = (Tf - 32) / 1.8

Tf = (1.8)*Tc + 32

Tk = Tc + 273.15

Tc = Tk – 273.15