Matetials, substances, and particles (1)

MATErIALS
,
SUBSTANC
ES, AND
PARTICLES
MATERIALS
What is a material?
1. material is a certain type
of matter that can be used to
make something.
2. There are 3 types of
matter :
solid, liquid, and gas
3. Ex. A book is made from paper .
Paper is material to make book.
SUBSTANCES
What is substances?
4. A substance is a pure type
of solid, liquid or gas. It is not
a mixture.
5. Ex. of substance : salt is a solid.
Pure water is a liquid.
Oxygen is a gas.
6. Relation between materials and substance : paper is a
material, to make paper we mix wood pulp, glue, water
and etc. When it mix, It form a very large paper. We can
PARTICLES
What is particles?
7. A particle is a very small part or bit of
something.
All matter is made up of particle.
8. Some particles of a thing are big
enough to see,
Such as a chalk when write it on a floor,
we can see the dust of a chalk.
THE PARTICLE OF
MATTER
9. Particles of a matter are very small.
We only can use a model to explain how
the particles
form a substance.
10. Particles have spaces between them.
When the spaces are small the particles
are held strongly.
8. The Characteristics
- The particles are packed tightly
Together.
of- They
Solid
have regular pattern.
- The spaces between particles
are very small.
- the particles can’t move around very
much and are in a fixed position.
Ex. Clay, pencil, cup, etc.
EXAMPLES OF
SOLIDS
cup shirt book eraser

9. The Characteristics of
- The particles are not packed in regular
Liquid pattern
- The particles have bigger spaces than
solid
- the bigger spaces between the particles
allow the liquid to slide past one another
and change places.
Ex. Water, soda, sauce, oil, milk, vinegar,
juice etc.
EXAMPLES OF
LIQUIDS
maple shampoo olive oil orange

syrup juice
10. The Characteristics of Gas
- The particles are not in a pattern.

- the particles have large spaces between
them it allows gas always fill the space
around.
- most gas is unseen, but some have colour
and smell.
Ex. Chlorine has yellow colour, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, etc.
EXAMPLES OF
GASES
helium in steam argon in nitrogen

a balloon from a a tank in a tank
kettle
SUMMARY
Solid Liquid Gas

has has has
particles particles particles
that are that can that are
packed move and widely
closely are in close separated
together contact
2. Properties of solid
- Keep their shapes unless a force
Exerted to them.
- solid change shape by squeeze, bend,
Push, twist.
3. Properties of Liquid
- liquid can flow
- liquid following the shape of their
container
4. Solid that behave like
- some solid can behave like liquid
- we can pour some solid, because they
liquid have small body.
- solid in small body is called powder.
Lesson 3.2
1. How do solids behave?

• Keep their shapes unless a force Exerted to them.
• Solid change shape by squeeze, bend, push, twist.
2. How do liquids behave?
• liquid can flow
• liquid following the shape of their container
Lesson 3.3
Change of State
1. There are 3 states of matter : solid, liquid, and gas
2. We can change state of the matter.
3. Solid  liquid (Melting)
4. Liquid  solid (solidifying/freezing)
5. When a solid things get heat it will melt. Melting is caused by heat.
Heating process
( makes solid particles get energy)
Solid particles Liquid particles
6. During the heating process solid particles get more energy to move
faster and further apart.
7. When a liquid change to solid that caused by cooling process.
8. During the cooling process liquid particles loses heat energy and
cools, the particles move slower and closer and becomes solid.
9. The changing of state from solid to liquid but it can change back
from liquid to solid it’s called as physical change of state.
cooling process
(the liquid particles lose energy)
Liquid particles Solid particles
Lesson 3.3
10. Metals are materials in solid matter.

11. But the metals are liquid when they are
inside the Earth because they get heated.
12. We can melt metals by very high
temperature too, when they cool they will
become solid again.
It melts
No, it just become liquid
Yes, by cool it
No, because the nuts

doesn’t melt
Yes, melt the chocolate

Lesson 3.4 Chemical Reaction
1. Change of state is a physical process

that only changes the form/matter of
a substance.
2. The physical process doesn’t change
a substance or make new substance.
3. A Chemical Reaction is a process when
some substances are mixed together and
becomes or make new substance/material.
4. In chemical reaction, the mixed
substances are react together.
Ex. Sand + lime stone + soda ash  glass
5. In Physical change it’s possible to turn

the substance back to its original form
(reversible).
cooled
Ex. Water ice
heated
6. In Chemical reaction it’s not possible

to change the substances back to it’s
original form (irreversible).
Ex. Sand + lime stone + soda ash  glass
We can’t do anything to turn glass back
into the sand.
7. Rust is example of chemical reaction.

Physical Change or Chemical Reaction
Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Team 5
• Jason • Alicia • Sky • Callysta • Belva
• Fano • Merlitta • Sydney • Kiera • Karina
• Kimiko • Cello • Jovanka • Genzo • Mikha
• Lala • Matthew • Christoff • Christo • Nuela
• Christy • Nicole
Prepare :
- Medium bowl (dm : 20 cm /team)
- UHT milk 1 litre : team 1
- Juice pack 1 litre : team 2
- 1 Chocolate block and blueband : team 3
- Bread (sari roti jumbo pack): team 4
- Syrup : team 5
- Plastic, ice block, pan, stove, spatula (Miss Mega)
Solid that behave like a liquid
1. Flour, sugar, sand are powders.

2. They can behave like a liquid to fill and take shape
of the container.
3. Flour has smaller gaps/space between its body so it
isn’t easy for the flour to move from a funnel.
4. Sand and sugar has bigger space/gaps between its
body so they are easier to move from a funnel.
Result of Experiment
• Which of the ingredients have physical change?

- milk  freez milk
-syrup  freeze syrup
- juice  freez juice
- chocolate block  melted chocolate
• Which of the ingredients have chemical reactions?
- bread  toast bread

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MATErIALS

cup shirt book eraser

maple shampoo olive oil orange

- The particles are not in a pattern.

helium in steam argon in nitrogen

Solid Liquid Gas

1. How do solids behave?

10. Metals are materials in solid matter.

No, it just become liquid

No, because the nuts

Yes, melt the chocolate

1. Change of state is a physical process

5. In Physical change it’s possible to turn

6. In Chemical reaction it’s not possible

7. Rust is example of chemical reaction.

1. Flour, sugar, sand are powders.

• Which of the ingredients have physical change?

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