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    10455921

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    marwan.abdlrwaf
    5 views44 pages

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    5 views44 pages

    10455921

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    marwan.abdlrwaf

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    UNIT – II

    STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD

    Element and global stiffness matrices – Analysis of continuous


    beams – Co-ordinate transformations – Rotation matrix –
    Transformations of stiffness matrices, load vectors and
    displacements vectors – Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames and
    rigid frames( with redundancy vertical to two)
    Introductio
    n
    • What is statically DETERMINATE structure?
    – When all the forces (reactions) in a structure can be determined from
    the equilibrium equations its called statically determinate structure
    – Structure having unknown forces equal to the available equilibrium
    equations

    No. of unknown = 3 No. of unknown = 6


    No. of equilibrium equations = 3 No. of equilibrium equations = 6
    3 = 3 thus statically determinate 6 = 6 thus statically determinate
    Introductio
    n • What is statically INETERMINATED structure
    – Structure having more unknown forces than available
    equilibrium equations
    – Additional equations needed to solve the unknown
    reactions

    No. of unknown = 4 No. of unknown = 10

    No. of equilibrium equations = 3 No. of equilibrium equations = 9


    10  9 thus statically
    4  3 thus statically Indeterminate Indeterminate
    Indeterminate
    Structure
    Why we study indeterminate structure
    – Most of the structures designed today are statically
    indeterminate
    – Reinforced concrete buildings are considered in most
    cases as a statically indeterminate structures since the
    columns & beams are poured as continuous member
    through the joints & over the supports
    – More stable compare to determinate structure or in
    another word safer.
    – In many cases more economical than determinate.
    – The comparison in the next page will enlighten more
    Contrast
    Determinate Structure Indeterminate Structure
    Considerable compared to Generally smaller than determinate
    indeterminate structure structure
    Deflection

    P P
    4

    PL3 1 PL3
    48EI 192EI

    High moment caused thicker Less moment, smaller cross section


    member & more material needed & less material needed
    P P
    2
    Stress

    1
    PL PL
    4 8
    Contrast
    Determinate Structure Indeterminate Structure
    Support will not develop the Will develop horizontal force &
    horizontal force & moments that moment reactions that will hold
    necessary to prevent total collapse the beam
    No load redistribution
    Stability in case of over load

    Has the tendency to redistribute


    its load to its redundant supports
    When the plastic hinge formed When the plastic hinge formed the
    certain collapse for the system system would be a determinate
    structure
    P P

    Plastic Hinge Plastic Hinge


    Contrast
    Determinate Structure Indeterminate Structure
    No effect & no stress would be Serious effect and stress would be
    developed in the beam developed in the beam
    Temperature

    P P

    No effect & no stress would be Serious effect and stress would be


    developed developed
    Displacement
    Differential

    P P
    ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
    STRUCTURES

    MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD OF ANALYSIS


    MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
    DEGREES OF FREEDOM
    MEMBER STIFFNESS MATRIX
    ELEMENS OF MEMBER STIFFNESS MATRIX
    AXIAL LOADING
    BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR
    BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR
    BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR
    STIFFNESS MATRIX
    COORDINATES TRANSFORMATION
    LOAD TRANSFORMATION
    LOAD TRANSFORMATION
    DISPLACEMENT TRANSFORMATION
    DISPLACEMENT TRANSFORMATION
    DISPLACEMENT TRANSFORMATION
    Member Stiffness in Global Coordinate System
    Member Stiffness in Global Coordinate System
    Assembly of Structure Stiffness Matrix
    Compatibility Condition
    Compatibility Condition
    Compatibility Condition
    Equilibrium Condition
    Equilibrium Condition
    Assembly of Structure Stiffness Matrix
    ASSEMBLY OF LOAD VECTOR
    METHODS OF SOLUTION
    METHODS OF SOLUTION
    CALCULATION OF MEMBER FORCES
    MEMBER FORCES
    SUMMARY
    SUMMARY
    Sign Convention for Member Force
    Axial Force
    Shear Force
    Bending Moment
    THANK YOU

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