SESSION 01.INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PROMOTION (1)

SESSION 1:
HEALTH PROMOTION
PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS.
FACILITATOR: HAMISI SAMSON, BSc. N
1
OBJECTIVES:
 Define health promotion
 Explain the goals, objectives and scope
of health promotion
 Describe the principles of health
promotion
 Identify health promotion strategies
 Describe health promotion approaches.
2
HEALTH PROMOTION :
DEFINITIONS
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

social well being and not merely absence of disease
and infirmity.
Thus Health promotion :
any combination of educational and environmental
supports for actions and conditions of living
conducive to health”
empowering people to lead healthier life styles
through participation and improved health literacy”
process of enabling people to improve and increase
control over their health”
3
HEALTH PROMOTION:
DEFINITIONS (2/2)
 the science and art of helping people

change their lifestyle to move toward a state
of optimal health.
Collective actions through participation of
people and communities in order to improve
their health.
Helping people to develop personal skills,
creating supportive environments,
strengthening communities and influencing
governments to enact health public policies.
4
GOAL OF HEALTH
PROMOTION
Health promotion aims to strengthen the skills

and capabilities of individuals and groups so that
they can take actions to change social,
environmental, and economic conditions to improve
public and individual health.
5
OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION (1/2)
i. To prevent diseases:
Preventing diseases before they occur and if they
do occur, identifying them early and ensuring
early treatment to prevent complications (primary
ii. Early treatment (secondary prevention).
Prevent complications of diseases by making
sure that actions are taken to prevent death and
rehabilitate the person so that she/he is able to
do normal daily living activities (tertiary
prevention).
6
OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION :
iii. To help people acquire the skills and
confidence to take greater control over their
health (education and empowerment) through
Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) or
Information Education and Communication
(IEC).
iv. To change policies and environments to
facilitate healthy choices (empowerment and
social change that aims to promote individual’s
ability to make positive decisions about health).
Social change encompasses socio-economic
aspects and policies on the promotion of
health. 7
SCOPE OF HEALTH
PROMOTION:
Scope of health promotion is determined by

expected health outcomes as methods and
forms. Impact
Outcomes
Focus Strategies • Behavioura
• Better
• Individual • Educational l
• Groups health
• Motivational adaptations
• Population quality
• Organizational • Environme
• Quality
• Economic ntal
of life
• Legislative adaptations
• Technological
Read Handout 1.1 (health promotion principles stipulated in the Ottawa

Charter)
8
HEALTH PROMOTION PRIORITY ACTION AREAS
i. healthy public policy

Health promotion policies include legislation, fiscal
measures, taxation, and organization change.
Identify obstacles to the adoption of health public
policies in non-health sectors and the development
of ways to remove them.
ii. Create supportive environment
The protection of the environment and the
conservation of natural resources must be addressed
in any health promotion strategy.
9
CONT…
iii. Strengthen community actions
To develop systems for strengthening public
participation in health matters.
This requires full and continuous access to
information and learning opportunities for
health.
10
HEALTH PROMOTION PRIORITY ACTION
AREAS (2/2)
iv. Develop personal skills

Enabling people to learn and to cope with chronic
illness and injuries
This has to be facilitated in schools, home, work
and community settings.
v. Reorient health services
The role of health sector must be in a health
promotion direction, beyond clinical and curative
services.
11
HEALTH PROMOTION
PRIORITY ACTION AREAS :
vi. Moving into the future

Women and men should become equal
partners in each phase of planning,
implementation and evaluation of health
promotion activities.
vii. Work with individuals, families and
communities
It is an active process for better health,
encompassing educational components,
behavior change initiatives, and
environmental and legislative interventions
strategies.
12
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION:
i. Equity in health
 Means that the needs of people should guide
the distribution of opportunities for wellbeing
 All people have equal opportunity to develop
and maintain their health through fair and just
access to health resources.
ii. Participatory
 Health promotion initiatives should involve those
concerned in all stages of planning,
implementation and evaluation.
13
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION :
iii. Empowerment for health
 Health promotion initiatives should enable
individuals and communities to assume
more power over the personal, socio-
economical, cultural, psychological or
political processes through which they are
able to express their needs, present their
concerns, devise strategies for involvement
in decision-making, and achieve political,
social and cultural action to meet those
needs.
14
CONT…
iv. Intersectoral
 Health promotion initiatives should involve the
collaboration of agencies from relevant sectors
v. Sustainable
 Health promotion initiatives should bring about
changes that individuals and communities can
maintain once initial funding has ended.
15
CONT…..
vi. Multi-strategy
 Health promotion initiatives should use a
variety of approaches, including policy
development, organizational change,
community development, legislation,
advocacy, education and communication,
singly or in combination.
vii. Holistic
 Health promotion initiatives should foster
physical, mental, social and spiritual health.
16
STRATEGIES OF HEALTH PROMOTION:
Three main strategies used in

implementation of health promotion ,
i. Enabling
means taking actions in partnership with
individuals or groups to empower them,
through the mobilization of human and
material resources, to promote and protect
their health.
Health promotion includes strengthening
people’s health knowledge and the skills
required to prevent ill health, enhance and
protect healthy behavior.
is achieved through health education, IEC, and
Social mobilization interventions among
individuals and communities.
17
CONT…
ii. Creating environments that are

supportive of health
Health promotion facilitates mediation
in society through which the different
interests of individuals and
communities and different sectors, both
public and private, are reconciled in
ways that promote and protect health.
This is achieved through legal,
economic and environmental policies
and legislation
18
CONT…..
iii. Advocacy to create the
essential conditions for health
Advocacy for health implies a
combination of individual and social
actions designed to gain political
commitment, policy support, social
acceptance and systems support for a
particular health program.
Advocacy may be carried out through
lobbying, social marketing and by the
use of IEC materials.
19
ASSIGNMENT:
What are some possible physical environments

and economic conditions that can impact health
promotion efforts?
20
HEALTH PROMOTION APPROACHES
(1/8)
There are various approaches to health

promotion which use different means to achieve
the goals.
All approaches aim to promote good health and
to prevent or reduce the effects of ill health.
21
HEALTH PROMOTION
APPROACHES
i. PREVENTIVE APPROACH:
This approach aims to reduce premature deaths
(mortality) and avoidable diseases (morbidity). It has
three levels:
 Primary prevention
 Prevention of disease onset, example: immunizations
 Secondary prevention
 Prevention of the progression of disease, example:
screening and other methods of early diagnosis and
treatment
 Tertiary Prevention
 Reducing further disability or preventing the
recurrence of illness.
22
HEALTH PROMOTION
APPROACHES
ii. BEHAVIOR CHANGE APPROACH:
This approach aims to bring about change in
individual behavior through changes in
individuals’ knowledge
 Also known as the “health education” or
“information-giving model”
It is usually implemented through provision of
information related to health risks through the
mass media, leaflets or posters.
 An example is giving information to clients about
the effects of smoking and helping them to
explore their own values and attitudes and come
to a decision.
23
HEALTH PROMOTION
APPROACHES
iii. SELF-EMPOWERMENT APPROACH-
EDUCATIONAL
The goal of this approach is to empower individuals
to make healthy choices.
Self-empowerment can be defined as the process by
which groups and individuals increase their control
over their physical, social and internal environments.
Education may lead to behavior change
 It seeks to provide knowledge and information, and
to develop the necessary skills so that people can
make informed decisions about their behaviour.
24
iv. SELF-EMPOWERMENT APPROACH-

EDUCATIONAL:
In order to facilitate self-empowerment,
participatory learning techniques allow people to
examine their own values and beliefs and explore
the extent to which factors such as past
socialization and social location affects the choices
they make.
 Examples of participatory learning include group
work, counseling, training, storytelling and
educational drama.
25
v. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/SOCIAL
CHANGE APPROACH:
This approach focuses on influencing health policy
Aims to bring about physical, social, economic,
political, and environmental changes to promote or
enhance health.
Improving the socio-economic environment through
policy can improve the health of the individual and
community.
 The key characteristic of this approach is that it
begins from the experiences and perspectives of
communities.
26
HEALTH PROMOTION
APPROACHES
vi. THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACH:
This express people interactions with their physical and
social cultural environment.
To promote health, an ecosystem must offer economic
and social conditions conducive to health and healthful
lifestyles.
These environments must also provide information and
life skills that enable individuals to engage in healthful
behaviors.
27
EVALUATION :
1. What is health promotion?

2. Explain on the goals , objectives and scope of
health promotion .
3. Enumerate on the principles of health
promotion.
4. Explain the strategies for health promotion.
5. What are the approaches in health promotion.
28
Thanks…
29

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SESSION 1:

FACILITATOR: HAMISI SAMSON, BSc. N

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

 the science and art of helping people

Health promotion aims to strengthen the skills

Scope of health promotion is determined by

Read Handout 1.1 (health promotion principles stipulated in the Ottawa

i. healthy public policy

iv. Develop personal skills

vi. Moving into the future

Three main strategies used in

ii. Creating environments that are

What are some possible physical environments

There are various approaches to health

iv. SELF-EMPOWERMENT APPROACH-

1. What is health promotion?

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