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    Airport lecture 03

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    Airport lecture 03

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    2 views15 pages

    Airport lecture 03

    Uploaded by

    17bnciv0960

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    Geometric Standards

    Engr. NASIM AYUB


    Lecturer CED
    UET Peshawar Campus III Bannu
    Geometric standards for runways

    In geometric design of runways we will discuss


    the following elements
     length
     width
     longitudinal gradient & profile
     transverse gradient
    1-Length
     Selection of length of a runway is the most
    important decision in the planning of landing area.
     Runway lengths for various types of airports based
    on: sea level elevation, standard atmospheric
    conditions;
     590F or 150C
     29.92”barometer pressure
     zero effective gradient
     No wind
     Necessary corrections have to be applied for
    changes in elevation, temperature and grade, at
    actual site of construction of the airport.
    Correction for elevation
     The length of a runway for standard conditions at sea level
    be increased at the rate of 7% per 1000ft (300m) elevation
    above/below mean sea level.

     Lc = corrected length for elevation


     L = Standard Length of Runway
     h = Elevation above mean sea level
    Correction for temperature
     The length corrected for elevation, shall be further increased at the rate of
    1% for every 10C rise in the standard temperature.
     For ( F° & ft)

     For (C° & m)

     Lct = corrected length for temp


     T = temperature at intended sight
     Ts = standard temp. (calculated as)
    Correction for gradient
     The length is further corrected for the runway
    gradient at the rate of 20% for each 1% of effective
    gradient.
     Effective gradient is defined as the maximum
    difference in runway profile elevation divided by the
    entire runway length.
    2- Width
     A runway is made up of a paved load bearing area and
    adjacent shoulders. The runway (paved load bearing area)
    combined with shoulders is called landing strip.
     Central portion of the paved area is subjected to maximum
    loading which goes decreasing towards the edges.
     Minimum width of landing strip has been recommended as
    500 ft (150m) in non-instrument runways and 1000 ft
    (300m) in the case of instrument runway.
    3-longitudinal Gradient & Profile
     Frequent grade changes not only restrict the sight distances and
    increase the runway length needed for landing and taking off but
    also dangerous for the safety of the aircrafts flying at high
    speeds during the take off operation.
     It is for this reason that the FAA have limited the maximum
    longitudinal gradient on any portion of the runway to 1.5%.
    4-Transverse Gradient
     Runway transverse grades are meant to be provided for
    purposes of quick drainage.
     Transverse gradient should not exceed by 1.5%. Minimum
    value has however not been specified.
     If the cross-grade is less than 0.5% drainage may not be
    satisfactory.
     Steeper transverse grades are provided for the shoulders.
    shoulders should not exceed 2.5% for 500’ wide runway &
    5% for 1000’ wide runways.
    Geometric Standards for
    Taxiways
    Geometric Standards for Taxiways

    A taxiway is a strip of paved areas connecting


    the runway to the apron. The speed of the
    aircraft when it runs on the taxiway is less
    than that on the runway at the time of taking
    off or landing.
    The length of a taxiway depends upon the distance of
    the apron from the entry end or the exit end of the
    runway.
    Considerable width and suitably maintained shoulders
    are provided in case of taxiway. Width of taxiway is
    much less as compared to the runways.
    A longitudinal grade of 3% (max) and transverse
    grade of 1.5% (max) for all classes of airports.
    The sight distance for taxiways should be so
    provided that the surface is visible from 10’ (3m)
    height up to a distance of 1000 ft (300m).
    Thank you

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