Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    thermal -1

    Uploaded by

    Abc Def
    Therma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    thermal -1

    Uploaded by

    Abc Def
    5 views16 pages
    Therma

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Therma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views16 pages

    thermal -1

    Uploaded by

    Abc Def
    Therma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE

    Thermoplastic composites consist


    of two components: A continuous
    fiber reinforcement, usually made
    of carbon or glass fibers, and a
    matrix material made of
    thermoplastic. The combination
    allows the advantageous properties
    of the two components to be
    exploited
    Thermal properties:
    • The thermoplastic matrix is the
    constituent most affected by
    heat, the thermal property of the
    composite is dominantly
    determined by the thermal
    properties of the thermoplastic
    matrix along with the
    contribution from the fiber
     Glass Transition Temperature:
    The temperature at which the
    thermoplastic polymer converts
    from its glassy state to rubber
    state.
    It is an indication of the thermal
    stability of the thermoplastic
    polymer.
    A thermoplastic polymer with a
    higher Tg possesses better high-
    temperature performance.
    Typical tools for characterizing the glass transition temperature of
    thermoplastic composite
    • Differential Scanning Calorimetry.
    • Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.
    • Thermo mechanical Analysis.
    Differential Scanning Calorimetry.(DSC)

    • DSC requires only a small amount of the


    thermoplastic composite (in milligram
    scale) for analysis.
    • The composite is sealed inside a set of
    aluminum crucibles.
    • A reference sample, normally an empty
    aluminum crucible, is heated at the same
    time with the thermoplastic composite
    sample.
    • The reference material has a known heat
    capacity. Heat capacity is defined as the
    amount of heat required to raise the
    temperature of 1 g of the material by 1 °C.
    • The heat flow remains constant before the thermoplastic matrix reaches
    glass transition temperature.
    • When the glass transition temperature is attained, its heat capacity
    increases and more heat is required to maintain the same temperature of
    the composite sample.
    Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
    • TMA measures a sample’s
    dimensional changes as it is cooled
    or heated in a defined atmosphere.
    • A normal TMA curve exhibits
    expansion, which is below the
    glass transition temperature, the
    glass transition (observed as a
    change in the slope of the curve),
    expansion above the glass
    transition temperature, and plastic
    deformation.
    • The dimension change with
    temperature, or the coefficient of
    linear thermal expansion (CTE)
    of the material, is constant when
    there is no transition in the
    material.
    • When the thermoplastic matrix is
    heated to its glass transition
    temperature, a second-order
    transition occurs and its CTE
    increases.
    • A penetration method can also be used to
    determine the glass transition
    temperature.
    • When an adequately high load is applied
    on the composite sample surface by the
    probe, the probe can penetrate the surface
    of the composite when the thermoplastic
    matrix reaches Tg and softens.
    • The sudden change of the dimension in a
    TMA curve because of the penetration
    can be used to determine the glass
    transition temperature of the
    thermoplastic matrix
    Heat deflection temperature
    • The Heat Deflection Temperature
    (HDT), or Heat Distortion
    Temperature, is a measure of a
    polymer’s resistance to alteration
    under a given load at an elevated
    temperature.
    • Basically, it tests the stiffness of
    a material as the temperature
    increases.
    Thermal degradation temperature
    • As an organic material, thermoplastics
    can get degraded when they are heated
    to a temperature that is significantly
    higher than their melting temperature
    (for semicrystalline thermoplastic
    matrix) or glass transition temperature
    (for amorphous thermoplastic matrix).
    • During degradation, chain scissoring,
    oxidation, and generation of volatile
    products occur. The temperature at
    which these phenomena start to happen
    is called thermal degradation
    temperature,
    Thermogravimetric Analysis
    • When the thermoplastic
    composite is heated to its thermal
    degradation temperature, its
    mass decreases because volatiles
    are generated.
    • TGA is able to detect the mass
    reduction with temperature and
    determine the thermal
    degradation

    You might also like