Supply Chain Management

by
Sarbini Ir.MT
Chapter 1
Understanding the Supply Chain
Sejarah ilmu Supply Chain Management
1. Perang dunia I : memberi pelajaran ada kesulitan
pendistribusian peralatan tempur, amunisi , obatan obatan dll
2. Perang Dunia II : Penerapan dan penyempurnaan keilmuan
LOGISTIK karena :
- pengiriman pasukan USA ke Eropah dalam waktu relatif
singkat dengan jumlah ratusan ribu pasukan.
- pengiriman peralatan perang, amunisi dan kendaraan
perang dalam jumlah yang banyak pula.
- pengiriman makanan dan obat obatan secara berkelanjutan
dengan jarak tempuh yang jauh.
-. Pendaratan Normandia dan penyerbuan serentak dari
inggris.
-. Tahun 1989- 1990 dikembangkan Supply Chain yang
berkembang menjadi Supply Chain management.
Faktor pendorong Supply Chain
( demand Chain )

1. Persaingan antar produsen sampai pada

persaingan dalam supply bahan baku dan
bahan pembantu.
2. Stabilitas kwalitas dan kwantitas supply
bahan baku dan bahan pembantu akan
meningkatkan effesiensi, mengurangi down
time karena bahan terlambat, mengurang
waste karena kwalitas bahan baku dan
pembantu.
3. Berkembang pada sistem pendistribusian
bahan didalam industri dengan terencana
dan tersistem
Traditional View: Logistics in the
Manufacturing Firm
Profit
Profit 4% Logistics
Cost

Logistics Cost Marketing

21%
Cost

Marketing Cost 27%

Manufacturing
Manufacturing Cost 48% Cost

1-4
Supply Chain Management: The Magnitude
in the Traditional View
Estimated that the grocery industry could
save $30 billion (10% of operating cost) by
using effective logistics and supply chain
strategies
A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from
factory to sale
A typical car spends 15 days from factory to
dealership

Laura Ashley turns its inventory 10 times a

year, five times faster than 3 years ago
1-5
Supply Chain Management: The Magnitude
in the Traditional View
Estimated that the grocery industry could
save $30 billion (10% of operating cost) by
using effective logistics and supply chain
strategies
A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from
factory to sale
A typical car spends 15 days from factory to
dealership

Laura Ashley turns its inventory 10 times a

year, five times faster than 3 years ago
1-6
Perkembangan Supply Chain management
• *Memenuhi Customer Oriented *
• Memenuhi agar customer memerlukan
produk kita , pasti tersedia secara kwalitas
dan kwantitas.
Supply
to Logisti
Supplie k
r

Supplie Distrib Retaile Custom

Proses
r usi r er
Logisti
k
barang
jadi Value delevery

Demad from customer

 Contoh SCM di P&G
Customer wants
P&G or other Jewel or third Jewel
detergent and goe
manufacturer party DC Supermarket
to Jewel

Chemical
Plastic Tenneco
manufacturer
Producer Packaging
(e.g. Oil Company)

Chemical
Paper Timber
manufacturer
Manufacturer Industry
e.g. Oil Company)

1-8
Cycle View of SupplyCustomer
Chains
Customer Order Cycle

Retailer
Replenishment Cycle

Distributor

Manufacturing Cycle

Manufacturer
Procurement Cycle
Supplier
1-9
Supply Chain Macro Processes in a Firm
Supply chain processes can be classified into
(Figure 1.8):
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
Integration among the above three macro
processes is critical for effective and
successful supply chain management

1-10
Definition
Definition of Supply Chain Management :
is a network of interconnected organizations
or organizational entities developed with the
goal of getting the right product to the right
place at the right time when customer need.
Definitions
Council of Logistics Management (CLM):
The process of planning, implementing and
controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of
goods, services, and related information from the
point of origin to the point of consumption for the
purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
Chopra and Meindl:
The primary purpose for the existence of any supply
chain is to satisfy customer needs, in the process
generating profits for itself. Supply chain activities
begin with a customer order and end when a
satisfied customer has paid for his or her purchase.

1-12
Flows in a Supply Chain
Information

Product
Customer
Funds

1-13
Distribution and Logistic Strategies

Transportation, warehouse and packaging

involve in distribution and logistic strategies.
Supply Chain Macro Processes in a Firm
Supply chain processes can be classified into
(Figure 1.8):
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
Integration among the above three macro
processes is critical for effective and
successful supply chain management

1-15
3 hal pokok SCM
1.Supplyer
- Kwantitas
- kwalitas
- harga
- fleksibilitas supply
2. Logistik dan manufacture
- persediaan efektif
- distribusi dalam proses yang effesien
- sistem persediaan dan peralatan (material handling)
3. Distribusi
- effektif distribusi ---- meminimalkan cost
The Objective of a Supply Chain
 Memaksimalkan nilai ( value)mata rantai pasok
- mendapatkan harga pembelian terbaik
- mendapatkan bahan sesuai standart kwalitas
- meminimalkan kerusakan proses karena kwalitas bahan
- meminimalkan dowm time karena keterlambatan supply
barang
 Meminimalkan biaya mata rantai pasok
 Meminimalkan waktu pasok ( Dwell Time)
 Memaksimalkan customer satisfaction dengan supply yang
tersedia. Dan menstabilkan harga sesuai strategi
perusahaan.

1-17
Push/Pull View of Supply Chains
Procurement, Customer Order
Manufacturing and Cycle
Replenishment cycles

PUSH PROCESSES PULL PROCESSES

Customer
Order Arrives
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Push/Pull View of
Supply Chain Processes
Pull: execution is initiated in response to a
customer order (reactive)
Push: execution is initiated in anticipation of
customer orders (speculative)
Push/pull boundary separates push processes
from pull processes

1-19
Process View of a Supply Chain
Cycle view: Supply chain is a series of cycles,
each performed at the interfaces between two
successive supply chain stages
Push/pull view: processes in a supply chain
are divided into two categories:
Pull are executed in response to a customer
order
Push in anticipation of a customer order
Pull Systems are Leaner

1-20
Apakah permintaan harus dipenuhi ?
Persoalan : Apakah permintaan sebagai
kebutuhan pasar atau SPEKULASI
Ideal Rantai pasok mensupply sesuai
permintaan pasar tepat waktu dan tepat
harga.
Spekulasi adalah pasar semu karena barang
tidak dikonsumsi konsumen akhir tetapi
ditimbun oleh spekulan
Spekulan akan menyebabkan OVER SUPPLY
Bila over supply ---- > mengakibatkan harga
jatuh (rusak)
Apa yang terjadi bila barang terlambat
datang maupun kurang
1. Harga naik tidak terkendali
2. Memicu Spekulan barang , yang akan
menyebabkan penimbunan.
3. Memberi kesempatan pesaing mengambil
pasar
4. Memberi kesempatan konsumen setia
pindah ke produk lain.
Peran SCM dalam strategi
1. Mengurangi suplay kepasar , hanya
dipenuhi 75 sampai 85 % dari kebutuhan
pasar agar harga ada kecenderungan naik
( hukum pasar) dalam waktu terbatas.
Strategi diatas untuk mempersiapkan pasar
dalam menerima kenaikan harga.
Peran SCM dalam Globalisasi
1. Supply chain merupakan jaringan yang
kompleks karena sumber supply, alat
transportasi, alur distribusi dan aturan lokal
dalam market global.
- Internasinal sistem distribusi
- Supplyer internasional
- Offshore Manufacturing
- Full integrated global supply chain
Peran informasi dalam SCM
1. Data terintegrasi menjadi dasar keputusan
pembelian, produksi dan distribusi
2. Data terintegrasi akan memangkas ongkos
dan waktu ----- > contoh indomart, alfamart,
dll
3. Data terintegrasi menunjang kesediaan
barang di pasar.
Next on Supply Chain Management
High involvement of information technology
for data traffic and decision support system.

Collaboration and alliance with suppliers and

customers to achieve excellent Supply Chain
Management implementation.
Examples of Supply Chains
DELL
WalMart
Toyota
Gateway
Zara
McMaster Carr / W.W. Grainger
Amazon / Borders / Barnes and Noble
Webvan / Peapod / Jewel

1-27
Di Indonesia
1. Indofood
2. Alfamart
3. Indomart
4. Dll