.balanced articulation1

DEFINITION:
• Occlusion: According to GPT

• The static relationship between the incising
or masticating surfaces of maxillary and
mandibular teeth.
Differences Between Natural And
Artificial Occlusion:
• The teeth in natural dentitions are retained

by periodontal tissues that are uniquely
innervated. When natural teeth are lost,
both the occlusion and the attachment with
its proprioceptive feedback mechanism are
lost.
• In complete artificial occlusion, all the
teeth are on bases seated on slippery tissues.
• In natural dentition teeth receive
individual pressure of occlusion and can
move independently. They can migrate to
adjust to occlusion pressures. The
artificial teeth move as a unit on their
base.
• Malocclusion of natural teeth may be
uneventful for many years.
• Malocclusion of artificial teeth works

immediate response and involves all teeth
and base.
• Non vertical forces on natural teeth during
function affects only the teeth involved and
are usually well tolerated where as in
artificial teeth the effect involves all teeth
and is usually traumatic to the supporting
structures
• Incising with the natural teeth does not affect the
posterior teeth. Incising with artificial teeth
affects all of the teeth on the base.
• In natural teeth, the second molar is the favoured
area for masticating hard food due to more
favourable leverage and power.
Heavy pressures of mastication in the second
molar region with artificial dentition will tilt the
base, if it is on an inclined foundation.
• In natural teeth, bilateral balance is rarely
found: if present it is considered balancing
side interference.
• In artificial teeth bilateral balance is
generally considered necessary for base
stability.
• Requirements of complete denture
occlusion
• Stability of occlusion at centric relation

position in an area forward and lateral to it.
• Balanced occlusal contacts bilaterally for all

eccentric mandibular movements.
• Control of horizontal force by buccolingual
cusp height reduction according to residual
ridge resistance form and interarch distance.
• Anterior incisal clearance during all posterior
masticatory function and bruxing activity.
• Sharp ridges or cusps and generous sluice-
ways to shear and shred food with the
minimum of force.
• Axioms for Artificial Occlusion:
• Were published by sears.
• The smaller the area of occlusal surface acting
on food, the smaller will be the crushing force
on food transmitted to the supporting structures.
• Vertical force applied to an inclined occlusal
surface causes non vertical force on the denture
base.
• Vertical force applied to a denture base
supported by yielding tissue causes the base to
teeter when the force is not centered on the base.
• Vertical forces applied outside (lateral) to the
ridge crest creates tipping forces on the base.
• Vertical forces applied to inclined supporting
tissues will cause non vertical forces on the
denture base.
• Types of complete denture occlusion:
Complete denture occlusion can be of
• Balanced occlusion.
• Monoplane occlusion
• Lingualised occlusion
• Linear occlusion
• Non balanced occlusion.
• Balanced Occlusion/ Balanced
Articulation:
• The bilateral, simultaneous, anterior
and posterior occlusion contact of teeth in
centric and eccentric positions-GPT.
• Requirements of balanced occlusion:
• All the teeth of the working side should glide

evenly against the opposing teeth.
• No single tooth should cause any

interference (or) disocclusion of other teeth
• There should be contacts in the balancing
side, but they should not interfere with the
smooth gliding movements of working
side.
• There should be simultaneous contact

during protrusion.
• Factor that affect occlusal balance :
• Condylar guidance
• Incisal guidance
• Plane of occlusion
• Compensating curve
•
Cuspal angle
• Condylar guidance:
It is the mandibular
guidance generated by
the condyles traversing
the contours of glenoid
fosse. It is one of the
end controlling factor.
It is independent of
tooth contact.
It is determined on the
patient by
protrusive record
• Incisal guidance:
• It is the effect of the contact of
the upper and lower teeth on
the movement of the mandible.
It is usually expressed in
degrees of angulation
from the horizontal by a line
drawn in sagittal
plane between incisal edges of
upper and lower
incisal teeth when closed in
centric occlusion.
• Because of its proximity to masticating tooth surface
it has a dominant influence on the contacting tooth
surfaces posterior to it. If incisal guidance is steep it
requires steep cusps, a steep occlusal plane or a steep
compensating curve to affect an occlusal balance .
• Because of steep inclined planes, this type of
occlusion is detrimental to the stability and
equilibrium of denture. For complete dentures the
incisal guidance should be as flat as esthetics and
phonetics will permit.
• Plane of occlusion:
• It is established in the
anterior by the height of
lower cuspid, which is
nearly coincident with
the commissural of
mouth and in the
posterior by the height of
retro molar pad. It is also
related to ala-tragus line.
• Compensating curve:
• Important factor in establishing
balanced occlusion.
• Determined by the inclination of
posterior teeth and their vertical
relationship to the occlusal
plane so that the occlusal
surface results in a curve that is
in harmony with the movement
of the mandible as guided
posteriorly by condylar path.
A steep condylar path requires a
steep compensating curve for
occlusal balance.
• Cuspal angle:
• Cusps can be
considered to have too
angles
• Anteroposterior
• Lateral
• Balanced articulation is
dependent upon the
cuspal angles being
parallel to the path of
movement of mandible.
• The lateral cusp angles of the buccal cusps
of upper posterior teeth and lingual cusps of
lower posteriors on working side, should
harmonize with the rotating movement of
the condyle. This results in their inclination
being flat when compared with the
inclination on balancing side.
• Lateral cusps angles on balancing side must
harmonize with downwards and forward
movements of mandible. This results in
palatal cusps of upper posterior teeth and
buccal cusps of lower posterior teeth, being
parallel to arc of rotation.
The antero posterior cusp angle must
harmonize with downwards and forward
movements of tooth condyles as the
mandible moves into a protrusive
position.
These angles must be increased
from premolars to last molars as condylar
guidance increases.
• In lateral occlusion there should be balancing
contacts between all the posterior teeth of the
balancing side (At least between the last molars).
The amount of vertical overlap of the incisors
which will be provided with a given amount of
horizontal overlap determines the slope of incisal
guide table. The arrangement of anterior teeth
should be checked by phonetics and esthetics and
incisal guide table can be adjusted accordingly.
MONOPLANE OCCLUSION
- An occlusion arrangement wherein the

posterior teeth have masticatory surfaces
that lack any cuspal height
LINEAR OCCLUSION
• An occlusal arrangement of artificial teeth,

as viewed in the horizontal plane, wherein
the masticatory surfaces of the mandibular
posterior artificial teeth have a straight,
long, narrow occlusal form resembling that
of a line, usually articulating with
monoplane teeth.
LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION:
- It
was first proposed by ALFRED GYSI in 1927.
-This type of occlusion involves the use of large
upper palatal cusp against a wide lower central
fossa.
-Preffered lingualized occlusion because of its
chewing efficiency.
-Use of 30 0 anatomic teeth which are later
reshaped to obtain lingualized occlusion.
NON BALANCED OCCLUSION
• Challenges balanced occlusion

• Based on Shephard statement:
“enter bolus exit balance”
- Spherical theory
- Organic theory
- Transographic
- Concepts by :sear, pounds, jones etc.

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DEFINITION:

• Occlusion: According to GPT

• The teeth in natural dentitions are retained

• Malocclusion of artificial teeth works

• Stability of occlusion at centric relation

• Balanced occlusal contacts bilaterally for all

• All the teeth of the working side should glide

• No single tooth should cause any

• There should be simultaneous contact

- An occlusion arrangement wherein the

• An occlusal arrangement of artificial teeth,

• Challenges balanced occlusion

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