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    Surds

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    pooja.sharma

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Surds

    Uploaded by

    pooja.sharma
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views24 pages

    Surds

    Uploaded by

    pooja.sharma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 24

    Surds

    30 December 2024

    30/12/2024 1
    Contents
     Simplifying a Surd
     Rationalising a Surd
     Conjugate Pairs

    30/12/2024 2
    Starter Questions

     Use a calculator to find the values


    of :

    36 = 144 =
    6 12
    3 4
    8 = 16 =
    3 2
    2 1.41 3
    21 2.76
    What is a Surd ?

     These roots have exact values and


    are called rational

    36 = 144 =
    6 12
     These roots do NOT have exact
    values and are called irrational
    SurdsOR

    2 1.41 3
    21 2.76
    Note :
    Adding & Subtracting Surds
    √2 + √3 does
    not
    equal √5

     To add or subtract surds such as 2,


    treat as a single object.
     Eg.
    4 2 6 2 16 23  7 23
    10 2 9 23

    10 3  7 3  4 3 13 3
    Multiplying Surds

    a  b  ab
    • Eg
    4  6  24
    4  10  40

    • List the first 10 square numbers


    • 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81,
    100
    Simplifying Surds
     Some square roots can be
    simplified by using this rule -
    To simplify 12 we must split 12 into
    factors with at least one being a
    square number.
    12
    = 4 x Now simplify the square root.

    3
    =2
    3
    Have a go -
     You
    need to look for square
    numbers
     45  32  72
    = 9 x = 16 x = 4 x 18
    5 2
    = = = 2 x 9 x
    35 42 2
    =2x3x
    2
    = 62
    Simplifying Surds
     Simplify the following square roots :

     (1)  20 (2)  27 (3)  48


    = = =
    25 33 43

     (4)  75 (5)  4500 (6)  3200


    = = 305 = 402
    53
    Starter Questions
     Simplify :

    √20 = √18 =
    2√5 3√2

    1 x 1 1 x 1
    2 2
    = √4 √4
    =
    ¼ ¼
    Second Rule
    a  a a
    Examples

    4  4 4 13  13 13
    Rationalising Surds
     Remember fractions –

    1
    Numerator
    2
     Fractions Denominator
    can contain surds in the
    numerator, denominator or both:

    3 5 3 2
    5 4 3 3 5
    Rationalising Surds
     Removingthe surd form numerator or
    denominator

     Remember
    a  b  ab
    the rules
    a  a a
     Thiswill help us to rationalise a surd
    fraction
    Rationalising Surds
     Multiply
    top and bottom by the
    square root you are trying to
    remove:
    3 Multiply top and bottom by √5
    5

    3 5
    5

    Remember
    3
     5 x 5 =  25 = 5 )

    5 5 5
    Rationalising Surds
     Remember multiply top and bottom
    by root you are trying to remove

    3
    2 7
    2 3
    7

    7

    7

    3 7
    27  3 7
    14
    Rationalising Surds
     Rationalise the denominator

    10
    7 5
     10
    7 5

    5
    5

    10 5
    7 5  2 5
    7
    Rationalise the Denominator
    7 =
    7 3 4 =
    2 6 14 =
    7 10
    3 3 15
    3 6 3 10

    4 2 2 2 5 2 15 6 3 3 6
     = =
    9 21 11
    9 2 7 3 11 2
    Conjugate Pairs - Starter Questions

     Multiply out :

    3 3 =
    3
    14  14 =
    14
    ( 12  3)( 12  3)
    Conjugate Pairs.
     This is a conjugate pair. (5 + 2)(5 - 2)
     The brackets are identical apart from the
    sign in each bracket .
     Multiplying out the brackets we get :

    5 x 5 - 2 5 + 2 5- 4 =5- =1
    4
     When the brackets are multiplied out the
    surds ALWAYS cancel out leaving a
    rational expression
    Conjugate Pairs - Third Rule

     a b  a 
    b a  b
     Eg.

     7 3  7 3  =7–3=4

     11  5  11  5  = 11 – 5 = 6
    Rationalising Surds
     Rationalise
    the denominator in the
    expressions below by multiplying top and
    bottom by the appropriate conjugate:
    5 1
    2
    5 1
     2
    5 1

    5 1

    2 ( 5 1) 2 ( 5 1) 5 1
     5 1  4
     2
    Rationalising Surds
     Another one ...
    ( 3  2)
    7
    ( 3  2)
     7
    ( 3  2)

    ( 3 2)

    7( 3  2)
     ( 3 2 ) 7( 3  2)
    Rationalising the Denominator
     Rationalisethe denominator in the
    expressions below :
    5 5( 7 +2) 3
    = =3 + 6
    ( 7  2) 3 ( 3 2 )

    6 4 -5 5 11 -6
    = =
    12 6( 6 - 4) 7 7( 5 - 11)
    Session Summary
     Surds
     Simplifying Surds
     Rationalising Surds
     Conjugate Pairs

    30/12/2024 24

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